RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / Name of the Candidate
And Address
(in block letters) /

Dr.KIRTHIGA MUTHUSAMY

POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
2. /
Name of the Institution
/ COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
3. / Course of Study
AND SUBJECT / MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY.
4. / Date of admission to THE COURSE / 30/05/2011
5. / Title of the
dissertation: / “PREVALENCE OF TOOTH EROSION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DIETARY HABITS AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS IN 11-16 YEAR OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN IN DAVANGERE.”
6. / BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK

6.1 Need for the study:

The higher incidence of dental erosion in children and teenagers possibly reflects a high intake of acidic food and beverages as well as a more frequent diagnosis of this condition .1
Erosive tooth wear or tooth erosion has been defined as a progressive loss of hard tissue by a chemical process that does not involve bacteria. It may be caused by intrinsic, extrinsic or idiopathic factors.2 It is characterized by superficial mineral loss ensured by contact between teeth and acidic substances with no bacterial involvement.1
There is a lack of information about the prevalence of erosion and its etiologic factors. Previous studies show contradictory results. These studies are important, as this might lead to the diagnosis of lesions at an earlier stage and to the identification of their particular cause, aiming to maintain the oral health of children.2 If left untreated erosive tooth wear can lead to sensitive teeth, tooth discoloration, altered tooth shape and has the potential to impact a child’s dentition and oral health related quality of life.3
6.2 Review of literature:
A study was conducted in united states on erosive tooth wear and beverage consumption among children of different age groups ranging from 13-19. Trained and calibrated examiners used the tooth wear index to measure erosive tooth wear. Beverage consumption was collected via a food frequency questionnaire to obtain average daily consumption frequency for all queried juice categories, milk and carbonated beverages. The prevalence of erosion was found to be highest in children aged 18-19years (56%), males(49%) and lowest in blacks(31%). The study was concluded that erosive tooth wear was associated with frequent intake of apple juice, but the mean difference in consumption between groups with erosive tooth wear versus those without erosive tooth wear within racial/ethnic groups was not significant.3
A study was conducted in brazil to assess the prevalence of dental erosion in adolescents of age group of 12 and 16years school children and to investigate the association between erosion and sociodemographic characteristics. Data on gender, type of school, and mean family income were collected by a questionnaire completed by the adolescents. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data, and the associations between erosion and sociodemographic variables were investigated by chi-square test. The prevalence was 20%. The labial surface was the most affected. The results indicated that dental erosion restricted to enamel was observed among adolescents and there was no correlation between this condition and sociodemographic factors.4
This study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and etiology of dental erosion among children. A total of 153 healthy, 11 year old children were sampled from a downtown public school in Istanbul. Data were obtained by clinical examination, questionnaire and standardized data records. 28% of the children showed dental erosion. Of children who consumed orange juice, 32% showed erosion, while 40% who consumed carbonated beverages showed erosion. Multiple regression analysis revealed
no relationship between dental erosion and erosive related resources.5
A study was conducted in saudi Arabia on the prevalence and risk factors for dental erosion in 5-6year old and 12-14year old boys. Clinical examinations were carried out on 354 boys aged 5-6years, and 862 boys aged 12-14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. Specific risk factors for dental erosion were identified by correlating the results of the clinical examination and questionnaire data. Pronounced dental erosion was observed in 34% of 5-6 year olds and 26% of 12-14 year olds. 46% of the 12-14 year olds reported that
they ate in bed at least once a week and 54% of this was sweet food or confectionery. A significant relationship was also found between the number of permanent maxillary incisors with pronounced erosion on their palatal surfaces and the consumption of carbonated soft drinks at night.6
A study was conducted in Saudi Arabia to find out the association between dental erosion and dental caries and variables including socioeconomic status, reported dietary practices and oral hygiene behavior in a sample of children in Jeddah. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner in 987 children belonging to age group of 2-5years old. Information regarding diet and socio-economic factors were drawn from questionnaires. Results showed 309(31%) children showed signs of erosion and 720(73%) of them had rampant caries. Vitamin supplements, frequent consumption of carbonated drinks and the drinking of fruit syrup from a feeding bottle or bed when child was a baby, were all related to erosion. The study concluded that there was no clear relationship between erosion and social class, or between erosion and oral
hygiene practices and the reversal was true for caries.7
6.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study:
·  To carry out an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of dental erosion in 11-16 year old school children in davangere.
·  By means of a questionnaire, to obtain information on dietary habits and socioeconomic factors in 11-16 year old school children.
·  Evaluating a relationship of dietary habits and socioeconomic factors with dental erosion.
7. / MATERIALS AND METHODS:
7.1 Source of Data :
A pilot study was conducted in 200 children of davangere , 100 from a government and 100 from a private school. Depending on the number of cases obtained the sample size was calculated. A total number of 1900 school children will be randomly selected from different schools of davangere both government and private schools.
Materials to be used :
·  Sterilized dental mirrors
·  Sterilized gloves
·  Disposable mouth mask
·  Cotton rolls
·  Periodontal probe
·  Savlon
·  Sterile kidney tray
7.2 Procedure
A cross sectional study is to be conducted in a representative sample of 11-16year old school children of davangere. To derive the sample , the total number of schools (both public and private) will be enlisted. A random sample of 1900 will be selected from private and public schools. Consent will be obtained from principals of respective schools and written consent will be taken from their parents as well. Data will be collected through clinical examination and a structured questionnaire. Questionnaires will be given to the selected children and will be asked to fill it followed by clinical examination.1900 children will be examined in a room usually adjacent to the classroom, with the student sitting on a chair. The examination will be done under natural light using periodontal probes and dental mirrors. Dental mirrors will be used to inspect the lingual, facial and incisal surfaces of maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines, mandibular centrals, laterals and canines and occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular molars. The tooth erosion index given by O Sullivan.E.A in 20008 will be used to assess the severity of dental erosion.
Statistical analysis:
The results will be expressed in form of numbers and percentage. Regression analysis will be carried out.
7.3: Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes,
Clinical examination of teeth of the selected sample is to be done.
7.4 : Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3 ?
Yes, ethical clearance from the Ethical Committee of College Of Dental Sciences has
been obtained.
8. / List of References :
1.  A.Lussi, T.Jaeggi,D.Zero. The role of diet in the etiology of dental erosion. Journal of caries research-2004;38(supp 1):34-44.
2.  Fabiana vargas-Ferreria, Julian Rodrigues Praetzel, Thiago Machado Ardenghi. Prevalence of tooth erosion and associated factors in 11-14-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. Journal of public health dentistry.2011;71:6-12
3.  C.Okunseri, C .Gonzalez, E.okunseri, A.Visotcky, A.Szabo .Erosive tooth wear and consumption of beverages among children in The United States. Caries research. 2011;45:130-5.
4.  Carla Vecchione, Daniela Rios, Marilia Alfonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Salete Mora Bonifacio da Silva, Juliana Julianelli Araujo, Adriana Regina Colombo Pauletto, Maria Aparecida de Moreira Machado. Dental erosion in a group of 12 and 16 year old Brazilian school children. Journal of Pediatric Dentistry. 2011 jan feb ; 33(1) :23-28.
5. Esber Caglar, Betul Kargul,Ilknur Tanboga, Adrian Lussi. Dental erosion among
children in an Istanbul public school. Journal of dentistry for children-2005;72(1):5-9.
6. AI-Majed I, Maguire A and Murray JJ. Risk factors for dental erosion in 5-6 year
old and 12-14 old boys in Saudi Arabia. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology. 2002;30:38-46.
7. M .I. Malik, R. D. Holt and R. Bedi. The relationship between erosion, caries and
rampant caries and dietary habits in preschool children in Saudi Arabia. International
Journal of Pediatric dentistry.2001;11:430-9.
8. O’Sullivan EA. A new index for the measurement of erosion in children. European
Journal of Pediatric Dentistry.2000;1:69-74
9 / SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE
10 / REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
11 / NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
(IN BLOCK LETTERS)
11.1 GUIDE
11.2 SIGNATURE / Dr. POORNIMA.P, M.D.S.
PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA
11.3 CO-GUIDE (IF ANY)
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
11.6 SIGNATURE / Dr. V.V. SUBBA REDDY, M.D.S.
PROFESSOR, PRINCIPAL & HOD,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
12 / 12.1 REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL
12.2 SIGNATURE