8th Grade Benchmark #2
STUDY GUIDE
2014
1. Politically, the colonies had freedom of religion. Why did the Great Awakening occur?
2. What was intended by the following statement?
"...that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights... That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent
of the governed."
3. What were the fundamental principles of American liberalism that is reflected in the Bill of Rights?
4. Compared to the United States Constitution, the government under the Articles of Confederation has ______(think power).
5. Which three people are responsible for writing the Federalist Papers?
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6. As a member of the Continental Congress, Rufus King supported a provision in the early draft of the ______that supported setting aside land for the support of religious organizations.
7. The property requirements set forth in the South Carolina state constitution (1778) prevented 90 percent of white males from
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8. The Vermont state constitution (1777) made Vermont the first state to ______(think slavery).
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9. The New York state constitution (1777) required that all electors take an oath of allegiance to the state; however, because of their religious convictions ______were only required to take an affirmation.
10. The Land Ordinance of 1787 guaranteed new territories a nonvoting member in the ______when they reached a population of 5000 voting citizens. Problem
11. The Land Ordinance of 1787 was passed as a result of an application to purchase the Western lands by the Ohio Company of Associates. The Land Ordinance of 1787 established a government in the region north of the ______.
12. In 1866, the Supreme Court decision in the Veazie v. Fenno case upheld Congress' constitutional power to ______, as stated in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 5, of the Constitution of the United States.
13. In the Supreme Court case Ogden v. Gibbons, the Supreme Court upheld the ______, which allows Congress to legislate and regulate all matters of interstate trade.
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14. One of the many disagreements between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton that led Jefferson to establish the Democratic–Republican Party, was Hamilton's request for a national bank, Jefferson believed the bank violated ______.
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15. Economic differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to disagreements over President Washington's use of military force in response to ______(think rebellion).
16. One of the many issues that divided Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton was the war between France and Great Britain. Jefferson urged President Washington to support France, while Hamilton reminded Washington of the importance of American ______with Britain.
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17. Fries's Rebellion (1799), was a rebellion against the enforcement of a House Tax. This tax passed by the Federalist backed Congress, was a direct tax on ______. Report Problem
18. The largest organized resistance against federal authority between the American Revolution and the Civil War was which rebellion?
19. Which founding father said "God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion," when talking about Shays's Rebellion?
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20. One of the many insurgents of Shays' Rebellion was ______, the only black man indicted by the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts.
21. "Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same." (Article 1, Section 5, Constitution)
What would be the purpose of Article 1, Section 5, of the Constitution?
A / It allows people to comply information so they can impeach their representatives.B / It would allow people to monitor how their representatives are voting on certain issues.
C / It allows Congress to keep its votes secretive.
D / It would allow people to monitor how the president is voting on certain issues.
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22. What happens when both houses (House of Representatives and Senate) pass different versions of the same bill? Problem
23. Which statement BEST illustrates one objection of the influence of lobbyists in the legislative process?
A / Lobbyists provide technical assistance in the legislative process.B / Lobbyists influence lawmakers by contributing to their political campaigns.
C / Lobbyists present their views and research data to members of Congress in support of a law.
D / Lobbyists lack the expertise on the legislations they support.
24. What is a role that the executive branch can play in the legislative process?
25. In the 1931 Supreme Court case Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court cautioned the press that the power of prior restraint (government censorship in advance) may be constitutional during
A / wartime.B / presidential elections.
C / outbreaks of infectious disease.
D / None of the above
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26. The American press has earned the title of "Fourth Estate" because of its role as the watchdog of
A / American business.B / American crime.
C / the American government.
D / the American military.
27. Freedom of the Press in the United States covers
A / invasion of privacy.B / free expression.
C / access to government information.
D / All of the above
28. Acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the state of Louisiana was added to the United States during the presidency of
A / James Madison.B / George Washington.
C / Thomas Jefferson.
D / John Adams.
29. While George Washington's Farewell Address announced his decision to not seek a third term as president, it also showed his desire to
A / still influence the politics of the United States.B / support the growth of political parties.
C / increase alliances with other countries.
D / support sectionalism in the U.S.
30. In 1824, the Supreme Court affirmed the power of Congress over interstate commerce in the ______case.
A / McCulloch v. MarylandB / Fletcher v. Peck
C / Gibbons v. Ogden
D / Dartmouth v. Woodward
31. When Jefferson became president, he changed the U.S. policy of paying ransom to pirates to recover stolen goods and imprisoned men. Which action shows Jefferson's change of policy?Report Problem
32. After the War of 1812, what was the relationship between the British and Native Americans?
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33. What was the result of The War of 1812?
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34. During the War of 1812, the United States won significant victories over the British in which battles?
35. After all 100 senators discuss and debate a bill it is voted on. How many senators must vote in favor of a bill for it to move on to the president?
36. What treaty settled boundary disputes between the United States and Spain, and allowed Americans to travel freely on the Mississippi River?
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37. Which of the following states was added to the United States of America during George Washington's presidency?
38. According to the map above, the United States expanded westward in 1803 as a result of the
A. Annexation of TexasB. Purchase of Louisiana
C. Addition of Oregon CountryD. Gadsden Purchase
39. As a result of the Supreme Court case Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), the Court upheld Dartmouth's original contract with the King of England, and Dartmouth was allowed to remain ______college.
40 When the War of 1812 began, what state was the United States’ military in?
41. The strongest support for war with Britain in 1812 came from
A / the young Congressmen known as War Hawks.B / former President Thomas Jefferson.
C / New England businessmen.
D / the Federalist party.
42. After the American Revolution, why did Americans determine that their new government would reflect Republican ideals?
43. The Mayflower Compact was based on ______.
44. The English Bill of Rights was intended to protect and benefit ______.
45. In terms of the Constitution, ______powers referred to certain powers that were granted exclusively to the federal government and not the states.
46. Who is considered the Father of the Constitution?
47. "Be it enacted by the General Assembly, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities. "
Thomas Jefferson Statute
This excerpt from Jefferson's Statute for Religious Freedom reflects his belief in the people's right towhat?oblem
48. "The Congress shall have the Power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, ... but all Duties, Imposts, and Excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States." (United States Constitution
Article 1, Section 8, Clause 1)
According to the above excerpt, what is one limit the Constitution puts on Congress's power to collect duties or government fees?
49. Which of the following groups of individuals had their freedoms protected in the Bill of Rights?
A / womenB / African Americans
C / Native Americans
D / None of the above
50. The Massachusetts state constitution (1780) was drafted by John Adams and contained a
A / king as the head of the executive.B / one house legislature.
C / system of checks and balances.
D / All of the above
51. According to the Georgia state constitution (1777), in order to vote in elections a person had to ______.
Essay Questions:
Discuss at least three important Supreme Court decisions that played an important role in the development of the country.
How did the United States expand after the Revolution? What were at least three results of this growth? (2 - 3 paragraphs)
What is the Monroe Doctorine and how did it shape the growth of America? (1 paragraph)