DNA, DNA Replication, & Protein Synthesis Competitive Review Answers

  1. DNA stands fordeoxyribonucleic acid.
  2. Cellular DNA is found in the nucleus.
  3. DNA is also found in the following 2 organelles: chloroplasts and in mitochondria.
  4. The sugar in DNA isdeoyribose.
  5. The building blocks of DNA arenucleotides.
  6. A nucleotide is made of (3)a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  7. The four N-bases in DNA are thymine, adenine, guanine, & cytosine.
  8. Ahydrogenbond is found between the N-bases in DNA.
  9. Thymine always bonds with adenine in DNA, & cytosine with guanine due tocomplementary base pairing.
  10. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is a(n)gene.
  11. Chargaff’s rule says that for every 3 thymines in a section of DNA there are 3 adenines.
  12. Franklin and Wilkins studied DNA by taking x-ray pictures of it.
  13. DNAcarries the genetic code.
  14. The sequenceof N-basesis the genetic code.
  15. Watson and Crick discovered the three dimensional structure of DNA.
  16. DNAis a double stranded molecule.
  17. The shape of DNA is adouble helix.
  18. If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAATGGT, the other side isGATTACCA.
  19. In DNA replication, one side of the molecule serves as a template for making the other side.
  20. If a mistake happens during DNA replication, a genetic mutation occurs.
  21. The molecule that unzips DNA in order to allow replication is a(n) enzyme.
  22. DNA replication is called semi-conservative because it results in one oldstrand and one newstrand in the new DNA molecule.
  23. The suffix –ase means the molecule is a(n) enzyme.
  24. The suffix –ose means the molecule is a(n) sugar.
  25. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.
  26. DNA never leaves the nucleus.
  27. RNA is a single- stranded molecule.
  28. MessengerRNA makes a complementary copy of DNA in the nucleus.
  29. A three letter section of DNA involved in protein synthesis is called atriplet.
  30. The N-base uracil occurs in RNA, but not in DNA.
  31. The N-base adenine bonds with uracil in RNA.
  32. Protein is made in the cytoplasm on theribosome.
  33. mRNA carries the codons from the nucleus to the cytoplasm(ribosome).
  34. A section of mRNA that codes for a section of tRNA is called a(n) codon.
  35. A section of tRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a(n) anticodon.
  36. Transfer RNA brings an amino acid to the ribosome.
  37. The building blocks of proteins areamino acids.
  38. A polypeptide chain or a chain of amino acids is a synonym for a(n) protein.
  39. Apeptide bond is found between the amino acids in a protein.
  40. Proteins are needed because they serve 5 different functions:

1. 80% of cell structure is protein

2. hormones (chemical messengers) are proteins 3. neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) are proteins 4. membrane channels are proteins 5. enzymes (molecules that speed up chemical reactions)are proteins