Chapter 4: Rural and Urban Spaces Test

Section A: General

  1. Describe what we mean by:

(i)settlement: ______

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(ii)urban: ______

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(iii)rural: ______

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(iv)catchment area / sphere of influence:______

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(4 marks)

  1. Study the diagram below.
    It shows a settlement hierarchy.

(a)Explain what a settlement hierarchy means and why it is this shape.(2 marks)

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(b)Give two reasons why a city is abovea village in this diagram (2 marks)

(i)______

(ii)______

(c)Settlements have different functions. Explain what this means, giving two examples plus named locations.(3 marks)

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(a) Study the diagram. It is a simple model to show land use in cities in MDCs. Add the type of land use found in each ring or zone to the key.(2 marks)

(b)Describe or draw a new diagram to show how this model might change when there are transport routes leading out from the middle e.g. roads, railways, rivers/canals.(3 marks)

  1. Write the correct missing word next to each description. (4 x 1 mark)

(i)______large scale use of e.g. buses and trains

(ii)______the area at the edge of urban areas

(iii)______travelling daily to and from work

(iv)______the development of new residential areas outside the inner city

(a)Describe what makes a megacity today. (1 mark)

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(b)How has this changed?(1 mark)

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  1. Study the map below which shows the world’s megacities in 2011.

(a)Complete the tables below:

20+ million / 15.1-20 million / 10-15 million
Number of megacities in 2011

(1 mark)

(b)

continent / Number of megacities
in 2011
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Oceania

(2 marks)

(c)Look at your answers to Q6 (b). Draw a pie chart below to show the percentages of megacities in LDCs and MDCs. Shade in and label the two sectors and label the correct percentage on each one.

(2 marks)

  1. In future there will be many more megacities, especially in LDCs. Give three reasons for this.
    (3 marks)

(i)______

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(ii)______

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(iii)______

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(a)Describe and explain two ways inner city areas / city centres have changed as road transport and traffic have increased. (2 x 2 marks)

(i)______

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(ii)______

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(b)Study the photo below. Add your own annotations to explain the different ways this inner city area is being used / may be different from the past.(3 x 1 mark)

(a)In terms of housing in inner cities, describe what is meant by:

(i)urban renewal:

______

______

(ii)renovation:

______

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(2 x 1 mark)

(b)How did New Towns help with housing problems?

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(1 mark)

  1. Answer true () or false ():

______Between 1998 and 2000 the proportion of people in the world living in urban areas went past 50%.

______Less than 1 out of every 5 people in the Netherlands today lives in rural areas.

______There are fewer jobs in rural areas today than in the past because of mechanisation.

______Rural industries have had to adapt and diversify to survive.

______Rural areas have a wide range of services.

(5 x 1 mark)

  1. In many rural areas across the world, people are moving away to urban areas. Sometimes this is for push factors, sometimes for pull factors – and often for a mixture of the two. Give two examples of each.

(a)push factors:

(i)______

(ii)______

(1 mark)

(b)pull factors:

(i)______

(ii)______

(1 mark)

  1. In many MDCs today, people are moving from urban areas into rural areas.

(a)What is this movement called? ______

(1 mark)

(b)Give two push and two pull factors for this urban to rural movement

(i)push factors:

1______

2______

(1 mark)

(ii)pull factors:

1 ______

2 ______

(1 mark)

(Section A total = 50 marks)

Section B:

Case Studies: Sao Paulo, Brazil

  1. Draw a ring around the correct missing words/numbers to complete the following statements.
    (4 marks)

Brazil is the third/fourth/fifth largest country in the world.

It is home to more people than 3 / 4 / 5 other countries.

Sao Paulo is the world’s 2nd / 4th /6th largest mega city, with a population of about 5/ 20 / 25 million.

Sao Paulo is situated in the south / south west / south east of Brazil, close to the Pacific / Atlantic Ocean.

  1. Although the settlement of Sao Paulo began in the 16th century, it did not grow very much until the 19th century.

(a)Explain what helped to start its rapid growth and later industrialisation(2 marks)

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(b)Sao Paulo’s greatest growth was in the second half of the twentieth century as new industries set up in the city. Name two TNCs who built factories in Sao Paulo. Also state what goods they made.(2 marks)

(i)______

(ii)______

(c)Describe the impact thatrapid industrialisationhad on Sao Paulo and population growth. Use the following in your answer: rural-urban migration; newcomers; favelas.(4 marks)

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(a)Describe twoways in which some of the older favelas and the areas where they were built have been improved today.(2 x 1 mark)

(i)______

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(ii)______

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(b)Many of Sao Paulo’s high and middle income people live in enclaves of gated communities.

(i)What are these like?(1 mark)______

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(ii)Where in the city are they found? Why?(2 marks)______

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(iii)Name and describe one of these communities you have studied.(3 marks)______

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  1. Explain why traffic congestion in Sao Paulo is such a major problem, and why it is difficult to find solutions. (5 marks)

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Case Studies: the Netherlands

  1. Explain why Europe’s Industrial Revolution changed where and how people lived in the Netherlands in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Refer to urbanisation, industry and mass transport.(4 marks)

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  1. The Randstad is the largest conurbation in the Netherlands.

(a)Name and describe the location of the four cities which combine to form the Randstad
(2 marks)

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(b)

(i)How many people live in the Randstad? ______

(ii)What is the population density? ______

(1 mark)

  1. Although much smaller than Sao Paulo, traffic congestion in the Randstad is also a major problem.Explain why.(2 marks)

______

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  1. Give two reasons to help explain how the ‘Golden Age’ helped Amsterdam to become Europe’s richest port and city in the 17th century. (2 marks)

(i)______

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(ii)______

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  1. Study the graph below. It shows population change in Amsterdam between 1900 and 1999.

    Choose and explain the reasons for one period of rapid growth and one period of rapid decline.(2 x 1 mark)

(i)Rapid growth: ______

______

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(ii)Rapid decline______

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(a)Amsterdam is undergoing much urban renewal. What is the main reason for this?(1 mark)

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(b)What were the main aims of the Bijlmer development in the Southeast District which began in the late 1960s?(2 marks)

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(c)Explain why the Bijlmer has undergone major changes in the 1990s.(3 marks)

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  1. The Green Heart, although surrounded on three sides by the cities and urban sprawl of the Randstad, is protected from development. However, there is great pressure to build on parts of it. Explain whether (and why) you are for or against it being developed in future.(6 marks)

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(Section B total = 50 marks)

Section A = 50 marks

Section B = 50 marks

Total: 100 marks

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