Chapter 13 Review Guide
1. Crossing a Golden Retriever and Poodle together to get a Golden Doodle is an example of _hybridizing_____
2. Circle the following that have been produced by selective breeding.
a. Dalmations
b. Yellow/black Labs
- Chimera
- Liger
e. Siamese Cat
3. What was the significance of the buffer in the gel electrophoresis demo?
The buffer allows the DNA to flow through the gel. It allows the slightly negative DNA move through the gel towards the positive pole.
4. What does the distance of the “bands” represent on the gel electrophoresis lab tell us?
How many base pairs (bp) long each piece of DNA is.
5. What is the difference between and egg donor and nucleus donor in cloning? Which donor will the offspring resemble?
Egg donor is an organism that donates it egg cell so that the nucleus of another donor can be inserted into it. The offspring will be an exact copy of the nucleus donor.
6. What is a DNA digest?
It is taking a strand of DNA and inserting a restriction enzyme into it. You should leave it for at least one hour to ensure that the restriction enzyme had enough time to cut the DNA in all the right sequences.
7. What is recombinant DNA?
It is taking DNA from one organism (using restriction enzymes and most likely plasmids) and using ligase, recombining it with DNA from another organism.
8. During the quick lab on Page 326, what was the only way you could recombine your DNA with different DNA? If the two strands of DNA we cut using the exact same restriction enzyme
9. What was the initial purpose of a restriction enzyme? They were first discovered in bacteria cells, it was a way for bacteria cells to protect themselves against the invading viruses. The bacteria would take their restriction enzyme and cut the invading virus’s DNA (bacteriophage). And then the virus could not take over the bacteria.
10. If I want specific traits from two organisms, what would be the most accurate method to use? Why? Are there disadvantages? Genetic engineering. You can get the results you are looking for sooner than selective breeding. You can pin point specific traits and change them, you don’t have to wait for them to “hopefully” happen. The disadvantage is that it would be very costly, unnatural, etc.
11. Why are plasmids used in gene splicing? What is the significance of using bacteria?
Plasmids are used because they transform into the DNA that is presented. They have many restriction enzyme sites. They are found in certain bacteria that reproduces by cloning, so you get many copies (quickly) that are all the exact same.
Be sure to check out the chapter power point and the two links on gel electrophoresis and cloning. To find the answers to this go to the chemistry homepage and you will find them. If you are in first hour, let me know that you took the time to review this. Any other hour, come and see me first thing in the morning. You will be happy you did. Good luck studying.