1.4 - First Contact with Europeans

Guiding Question: How did Native peoples contribute to France’s exploitation of the territory’s resources as well as its attempt at settlement?

I. European Exploration in North America

Motivations of Early Explorations

A)Initial motivation:

•For years Europeans traveled over land to central Asia and the Far East to obtain valuables such as ______, ______& ______.

•In the late 15th century Turkish armies captured Constantinople, making the trade route extremely dangerous

•Europeans started searching for ______to Asia

B) Other motivations:

•Expand ______

•Profit – rare goods

•Religion – Spread ______

•Fame

Key European Explorers

Christopher Columbus – Spain______– Claimed the Caribbean for Spain

John Cabot - England 1497 - Explored the east coast of North America & discovered the abundance of ______in the region

Giovanni de Verazzano- France 1524 - Sent by the French King to explore North America and find a route to Asia –not successful

II. European Fishermen and Whalers

Fish

•Europeans came to harvest the rich ______ fisheries of the east coast of North America – Grand Banks of ______

•Reason for Demand:Fish was considered a valuable resource since most ______ate fish every ______

Whales

•They also caught whales for their ______

•Reason for demand:They need blubber because they melted it and used the oil to light ______ in Europe.

III.Early Trade Between Native Peoples and Europeans

First Contact

•While exploiting fish and whales, Europeans began making ______with Native peoples

•They formed a mutually beneficial trade relationship

Products Traded

•Natives obtained new goods:

______beads

axes

knives

Hammers

nails

______

•Europeans obtained in furs (profit) return

Trade from Native People’s Perspective

•Benefitted from various European goods/tools

•Gradually ______certain subsistence activities and traditional practices to obtain furs for Europeans

______pots replaced traditional bark/wood pottery

Mi’kmaq began ______to obtain more furs and eating more European foods (flour, dried peas, etc.)

Algonquin began replacing their primarily diet of large game for agricultural products they traded with the Huron- Wendat

•Established native trade relations were disrupted

•Created/Intensified conflicts between certain Native nations

•______was impacted by the European exploitation of resources

IV. Jacques Cartier’s Voyages

France sent Jacques Cartier on three voyages to New France in 1534, 1535, 1541 with 3 main objectives:

•Find a______to ______

•Create a competitive colonial empire/land

•Find ______

Voyage 1 – 1534

•He ______land in the name of the King by erectinga cross at Gaspe

•He failed to find riches

•He made first contact with the aboriginals, some of who were taken back to France

Voyage 2 -1535

•He explored St. Lawrence river, leading him to believe he found a route to Asia

•He reached Hochelaga (Montreal) and spent the winter in Stadacona (Quebec)where many of his men died from ______

•Aboriginals taught the French how to survive winter

•______erupted between the aboriginal populations and the French

Voyage 3 -1541

Settlement at Cap Rouge

•Cartier was sent to New France under the leadership of Roberval with two new objectives:

To establish a ______(populate and develop New France)

Evangelize the natives

•He erected two ______at the mouth of Riviere du Cap Rouge called Charlesbourg Royal

Failures

•Cartier thought he had discovered gold and diamonds, but he found out it was actually pyrite & quartz

•He failed to set up a settlement colony because:

  • The harsh ______and long voyage discouraged French people from settling in New France
  • Cartier and Roberval could not agree on important decisions
  • ______between the natives and the French
  • France was preoccupied with the ______in Europe

V. Further French Attempts

•At the end of 16th century France resumed its colonization attempts in North America in several new locations:

Sable Island 1598 –Nova Scotia

______- 1600

Ile St.Croix–1604 –Bay of Fundy

•The attempts failed due to various reasons:

Isolated location

Harsh climate

Shortage of supplies

Trade & financial difficulties

Alliance of France and Native nations – 1603

The French form an official alliance with the Maliseet, Innu and Algonquin in 1603

Benefits for Natives

•Natives receive European goods

•Natives receive French military assistance

Benefits for the French

•Ensuring fur supply

•Alliance allows for French settlement

Chapter 1 – Part 4