Chapter 7: Ancient Rome – Vocabulary
republic – type of government in which citizens who have the right to vote select their leaders
patrician – member of a wealthy, upper-class family in ancient Rome
plebian – an ordinary citizen in ancient Rome
consul – one of two officials who led ancient Rome
veto – rejection of a bill by a person in power; “I forbid”
dictator – person in ancient Rome who was appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency
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province – unit of an empire with its own governor and army
aqueduct – structure that carries water over long distances
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circus – arena in ancient Rome and show held there
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messiah – savior in Judaism and Christianity
disciple – follower of a person or belief
Gospel – one of the first four books in the New Testament
epistle – letter written by Jesus’s disciples
martyr – person who chooses to die for a cause he or she believes in
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mercenary – foreign soldier who serves in an army only for pay
inflation – economic situation in which there is more money of less value
Chapter 7: Ancient Rome – People and Places
Romulus and Remus – twin brothers who are supposed to have founded Rome
Etruscans – ancient people who lived in Italy before the Romans and influenced their culture
Julius Caesar – Roman political and military leader who was murdered by Roman senators
Octavian – Rome’s first emperor
TiberRiver – Major river in Italy that goes through Rome
Rome – capital of the ancient Roman Empire
Italy – boot shaped country in southern Europe
Carthage – ancient city on the northern coast of Africa
Gaul – present day France
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Augustus – Roman emperor after Julius Caesar
Hadrian – one of Rome’s greatest emperors who worked to unify the empire
Greece – country of peninsulas and islands in Mediterranean Europe
Colloseum - large amphitheater in Rome
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Martial – Roman poet who wrote about the early Roman Empire
Seneca – writer, philosopher, and statesman in ancient Rome
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Jesus – founder of Christianity
Paul – disciple of Jesus who spread Christianity through writing letters
Nero –Roman emperor known for his mistreatment of Christians
Judea – southern half of the kingdom of the Israelites
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Constantine – emperor of Rome who encouraged the spread of Christianity
Diocletian – emperor of Rome who reorganized Roman government
Constantinople – ancient capital of Byzantium