Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e, (Marieb)

Chapter 13 The Respiratory System

13.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:

1) The nasal cavity is indicated by ______.

A) Label D

B) Label C

C) Label B

D) Label H

E) Label A

Answer: E

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

2) The right main (primary) bronchus is indicated by ______.

A) Label H

B) Label I

C) Label J

D) Label B

E) Label F

Answer: A

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


3) The trachea is indicated by ______.

A) Label D

B) Label I

C) Label B

D) Label F

E) Label G

Answer: B

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

4) The diaphragm muscle is indicated by ______.

A) Label C

B) Label E

C) Label F

D) Label G

E) Label J

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

5) The oral cavity is indicated by ______.

A) Label C

B) Label A

C) Label E

D) label B

E) Label G

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

6) The inferior lobe of the right lung is indicated by ______.

A) Label E

B) Label J

C) Label I

D) Label G

E) Label F

Answer: E

Page Ref: 466

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


7) The nostrils, or nares, are indicated by ______.

A) Label C

B) Label G

C) Label B

D) Label A

E) Label F

Answer: C

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

8) The apex of the right lung is indicated by ______.

A) Label E

B) Label F

C) Label H

D) Label G

E) Label J

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

9) The larynx is indicated by ______.

A) Label H

B) Label G

C) Label F

D) Label A

E) Label D

Answer: E

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

10) The pharynx is indicated by ______.

A) Label H

B) Label I

C) Label J

D) Label F

E) Label B

Answer: C

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


11) The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called ______.

A) tonsils

B) adenoids

C) conchae

D) paranasal sinuses

Answer: C

Page Ref: 462

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

12) The posterior portion of the palate that is not supported by bone is called the ______.

A) soft palate

B) paranasal sinus

C) epiglottis

D) hard palate

Answer: A

Page Ref: 462

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

13) From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ______.

A) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx

D) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

Answer: B

Page Ref: 462

Bloom's: 4) Analysis

14) The ______tonsil, or adenoid, is located high in the nasopharynx region.

A) lingual

B) laryngeal

C) pharyngeal

D) palatine

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

15) The ______routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech.

A) tongue

B) pharynx

C) nasal conchae

D) larynx

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


16) The mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra is called the ______.

A) trachea

B) oropharynx

C) main (primary) bronchus

D) nasopharynx

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

17) ______lining the mucosa of the trachea beat continuously to propel contaminated mucus to the throat.

A) Microvilli

B) Coarse hairs

C) Cilia

D) Flagella

Answer: C

Page Ref: 464

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

18) When breathing in, air enters the trachea through the ______.

A) glottis

B) epiglottis

C) esophagus

D) thyroid cartilage

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

19) The C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of ______.

A) fibrocartilage

B) elastic cartilage

C) hyaline cartilage

D) compact bone

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

20) The flap of ______cartilage that protects the opening of the larynx is called the epiglottis.

A) thyroid cartilage

B) elastic

C) hyaline

D) fibrous

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

21) Folds of mucous membrane called ______vibrate to provide speech.

A) vocal folds (true vocal cords)

B) hyaline cartilage rings

C) epiglottis

D) uvula

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

22) The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral ______.

A) pleura

B) pericardium

C) peritoneum

D) mediastinum

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

23) The division of the trachea produces two tubes called the right and left main (primary) ______.

A) bronchioles

B) bronchi

C) alveolar ducts

D) alveolar sacs

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

24) The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are known as ______.

A) main (primary) bronchi

B) alveoli

C) bronchioles

D) alveolar ducts

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

25) The ______zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs.

A) respiratory

B) conducting

C) terminal

D) filtering

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

26) The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ______.

A) cellular respiration

B) internal respiration

C) respiratory gas transport

D) pulmonary ventilation

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

27) Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called ______.

A) pulmonary ventilation

B) inhalation

C) external respiration

D) internal respiration

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

28) The inspiratory muscles that contract so we can inspire air are the ______and ______.

A) rectus abdominis; external obliques

B) diaphragm; external intercostals

C) trapezius; latissimus dorsi

D) diaphragm; external obliques

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

29) Air flowing out of the lungs is known as ______.

A) expiration

B) respiratory gas transport

C) inhalation

D) inspiration

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

30) Lung collapse, or ______, can occur if the intrapleural pressure equals atmospheric pressure when air enters the pleural space.

A) pleurisy

B) atelectasis

C) rales

D) wheezing

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

31) ______volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air.

A) Tidal

B) Vital capacity

C) Residual

D) Inspiratory capacity

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

32) The total amount of exchangeable air is known as ______.

A) residual volume

B) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

C) tidal volume (TV)

D) vital capacity (VC)

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

33) Respiratory capacities are measured with a ______.

A) thermometer

B) spirometer

C) spygmomanometer

D) stethoscope

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

34) During ______, oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.

A) internal respiration

B) external respiration

C) cellular respiration

D) expiration

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 2) Comprehension

35) ______is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen.

A) Hydrogen sulfide

B) Carbon monoxide

C) Nitrous oxide

D) Methane

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

36) When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms ______.

A) carbaminohemoglobin

B) deoxyhemoglobin

C) carbon monoxide

D) carbonic acid

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

37) The normal respiratory rate of 12-15 breaths per minute is known as ______.

A) hyperpnea

B) eupnea

C) dyspnea

D) apnea

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

38) The portions of the brain that contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate are the ______.

A) medulla and pons

B) pons and cerebellum

C) cerebrum and cerebellum

D) thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

39) The regulation of the activity of the breathing muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is controlled by nerve impulses transmitted from the brain via the ______and ______nerves.

A) splanchic; sacral

B) trochlear; trigeminal

C) phrenic; intercostal

D) cranial; spinal

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


40) The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ______.

A) carbon dioxide

B) oxygen

C) methane

D) nitrous oxide

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

41) In order to return acidic blood pH to normal, breathing becomes deeper and more rapid, a phenomenon known as ______.

A) hypoventilation

B) hyperventilation

C) apnea

D) dyspnea

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

42) ______is a fatty molecule made by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths.

A) Sebum

B) Surfactant

C) Nicotine

D) Mucus

Answer: B

Page Ref: 481

Bloom's: 2) Comprehension


13.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions

1) Gas exchange occurs in the ______.

A) nose

B) pharynx

C) larynx

D) trachea

E) alveoli

Answer: E

Page Ref: 461

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

2) The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ______.

A) allow air to reach the lungs

B) purify air

C) humidify air

D) exchange gases

E) warm incoming air

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 2) Comprehension

3) What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?

A) tonsils

B) flagella

C) cilia

D) coarse hairs

E) air turbulence

Answer: C

Page Ref: 462

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

4) What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?

A) increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity

B) separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

C) lighten the skull

D) act as a resonance chamber for speech

E) trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

Answer: E

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


5) The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ______.

A) the pharynx

B) the nasal conchae

C) the larynx

D) both the hard and soft palate

E) both the nasal conchae and hard palate

Answer: D

Page Ref: 462

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

6) Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses?

A) frontal

B) sphenoid

C) mandible

D) ethmoid

E) maxilla

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

7) Which tonsil(s) is/are located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate?

A) adenoid

B) pharyngeal tonsil

C) thymus

D) palatine tonsils

E) lingual tonsils

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

8) Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the ______.

A) nasopharynx

B) oropharynx

C) palatopharynx

D) laryngopharynx

E) tracheopharynx

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


9) The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ______.

A) nasopharynx

B) oropharynx

C) palatopharynx

D) laryngopharynx

E) tracheopharynx

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

10) The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ______.

A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi

B) nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi

C) nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi

D) nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, main (primary) bronchi

E) nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 4) Analysis

11) Following the removal of the larynx, a person would be unable to ______.

A) speak

B) sneeze

C) eat

D) hear

E) breathe

Answer: A

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Bloom's: 3) Application

12) The opening between the vocal cords is called the ______.

A) epiglottis

B) glottis

C) larynx

D) thyroid cartilage

E) esophagus

Answer: B

Page Ref: 464

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


13) The flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx when swallowing is the ______.

A) glottis

B) thyroid cartilage

C) Adam's apple

D) epiglottis

E) trachea

Answer: D

Page Ref: 464

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

14) Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the ______.

A) complete voice box

B) true vocal cords

C) false vocal cords

D) glottis

E) epiglottis

Answer: B

Page Ref: 464

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

15) The superior portion of each lung is the ______.

A) pleura

B) base

C) apex

D) mediastinum

E) fissure

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

16) The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ______.

A) mediastinum

B) visceral pleura

C) parietal pleura

D) main (primary) bronchi

E) pleurisy

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


17) Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs?

A) the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex

B) the bases rest on the diaphragm

C) the left lung has two lobes

D) the right lung has three lobes

E) both lungs have two lobes

Answer: E

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

18) What is the function of an alveolar macrophage?

A) secrete mucus

B) facilitate gas exchange

C) produce surfactant

D) engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris

E) sweep contaminated mucus and debris from the alveoli

Answer: D

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

19) Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone?

A) respiratory bronchioles

B) alveolar ducts

C) alveolar sacs

D) alveoli

E) primary bronchi

Answer: E

Page Ref: 467

Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

20) Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?

A) pulmonary ventilation

B) respiratory gas transport

C) residual volume

D) external respiration

E) internal respiration

Answer: C

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge


21) Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ______.

A) osmosis

B) simple diffusion

C) facilitated diffusion

D) active transport

E) endocytosis

Answer: B

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Bloom's: 1) Knowledge

22) The lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces is called ______.