Name: KEY
Subjects, Predicates, and Objects
Review: Parts of Speech
Directions: In the following sentences, label each word with its part of speech.
1.Circus parades were long and elaborate.
Adj.NounVerbAdv.Conj.Adv.
2.They arrived in town by train.
Pron.VerbPrep.NounPrep.Noun
3.Night parades seemed especially exciting.
Adj.NounVerbAdv.Adj.
4.Wow! Those electric lights and torches glowed so brightly!
Int.Adv.Adj.NounConj.NounVerbAdv.Adv.
5.Animals rode in velvet-draped cages.
NounVerbPerp.Adj.Noun
CHAPTER 18
•A sentence is a group of words with two main parts: a COMPLETE SUBJECT and a COMPLETE PREDICATE.
•Together, these parts express a COMPLETE THOUGHT.
Exercise 1: Identify the complete subjects (bold) and predicates (underline) in each sentence.
1.Ellen and her friendsvisited the Museum of Modern Art.
2.Youwill need a good college dictionary and some other reference texts.
3.Rounding the bend, wesaw the old village store under and immense elm tree.
4.Everyonemust pass the same entrance examinations.
5.The end of the playwas not at all surprising.
Exercise 2: Identify each sentence as a sentence or fragment.
1.Choose to lead the team.SENTENCE
2.Suddenly, at the crack of dawn.FRAGMENT
3.The house is fenced on three sides.SENTENCE
4.The assistant principal of the high school.FRAGMENT
5.Near the top of the mountain range.FRAGMENT
•The SIMPLEsubject is the ESSENTIALnoun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that cannot be left out of the COMPLETEsubject.
•The SIMPLEpredicate is the essential VERBor verb PHRASEthat cannon be left out of the COMPLETEpredicate.
Exercise 3: Divide the sentence into subject and predicate with a vertical line: I. Then bold the subject and underline the verb.
- Cattle herdersI worked up to twenty hours a day.
- TheyI drove cattle up and down the Chisholm trail.
- Sources of water I were sometimes not easily found.
- Natural predatorsI hunted the cattle.
- Wild buffalo stampedesI often occurred late at night.
•In most sentences, the subject comes before the verb. This is called NORMALword order.
•In some sentences, however, the verb comes first, and the word order is INVERTED.
•If there is a problem finding the subject, change the sentence back to NORMALword order, placing the SUBJECTfirst.
Exercise4: Identify and bold the simple subject and underline the verb in each sentence.
1.There are three strange men in your office.
2.Have the grandparents arrived yet?
3.Near the bank of the river was an old canoe.
4.Where can my notebooksbe?
5.Here are the books from the library.
•A DIRECT OBJECTis a word or group of words that COMPLETESthe meaning of the predicate of a sentence.
•A DIRECT OBJECTis a noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that receives the ACTIONof the transitive verb.
Exercise 5: Underline the direct object in each sentence.
1.My mother asked her for the cookie recipe.
2.We will need a dictionary and some paper.
3.Which television did you finally buy?
4.My uncle opened a small business in Buffalo.
5.What book do you recommend?
•An INDIRECT OBJECTis a noun or pronoun that appears with a direct object and names the person or thing that something is given to or done for. Note that indirect objects are found only in sentences that also have DIRECT OBJECTS.
Exercise 6: Identify and bold the indirect object(s) and underline the direct object(s) in each sentence.
1.I promised Marie and Bettytickets to the concert.
2.Show them your injury.
3.Why did you lend her your new sweater?
4.Teach the chorus the song.
5.After dinner, I gave the girls their presents.
•An OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENTis an adjective, noun, or group of words acting as a noun that follows a DIRECT OBJECTand describes or renames it.
•Objective complements are usually found after such verbs as APPOINT, call, CONSIDER, elect, label, make, NAME, and think.
•A SUBJECT COMPLEMENTis a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that appears with a LINKINGverb and tells something about the SUBJECT.
•There are two kinds of subject complements:
–PREDICATE NOMINATIVES
–PREDICATE ADJETIVES
•A predicate nominative is a NOUNor PRONOUNthat appears with a linking verb and RENAMES, identifies, or EXPLAINSthe subject.
•A predicate adjective is an ADJECTIVEthat appears with a LINKING VERBand describes the SUBJECTof the sentence.
Exercise 7: Underline the predicate in each sentence, then label it as a predicate nominative or predicate adjective.
1.For thousands of years, spaceflight seemed a dream.PN
2.The desire to fly remained distant and elusive.PA
3.Nicolas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer in the sixteenth century.PN
4.His observations of the universe were quite insightful.PA
5.Other contributors to the study of astronautics were physicists, mathematicians, and astronomers. PN