Name ______Per _____ CP Kinesiology
Unit 1/Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology (p. 1-73)
OBJECTIVES:
A. Differentiate between the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function.
B. Provide a brief history of anatomy and explain how attitudes toward human dissection have changed over the years.
C. Define the term homeostasis, and name the manner in which homeostatic mechanisms are regulated. Provide an example of a positive and several negative feedback homeostatic mechanisms in humans, and explain them fully, by providing a diagram followed by a complete essay explanation.
D. Demonstrate what is meant by "anatomical position".
E. Define various directional terms (i.e. superior, inferior, etc.), and compare different body parts using these terms (i.e. the elbow is proximal to the wrist).
F. Designate the five major human body cavities and name the organs within each on a human diagram.
G. Identify all common body regions (i.e. orbital, inguinal, etc.) and be able to locate them with regards to each other using directional relationships (superior to, distal to, etc.).
H. Describe the nine regions of the abdominal area and the four quadrants of the abdominal area and list the major organs found within each.
I. Name the three major body sections (planes, cuts), and describe how each would be accomplished.
J. Explain and differentiate between the medical and applied science fields.
1. Understanding Words (p. 1: define, give an example and explain):
Append-
Cardi-
Cerebr-
Cran-
Dors-
Homeo-
-logy
Meta-
Nas-
Orb-
Pariet-
Pelv-
Peri-
Pleur-
-stasis
Super-
-tomy
Directions: for the remainder of this packet, either explain/summarize the term or sketch the diagram as directed.
2. Anatomy and Physiology (p. 4; Objective A)
anatomy
physiology
3. History of Anatomy (not in book, will cover in lecture; Objective B)
4. Homeostasis (p. 9-10; Objective C)
4.1. Explain each of the following terms:
homeostasis
homeostatic mechanisms
receptor
control center
set-point
effector
negative feedback
4.2. Sketch Fig 1.6 on p. 10 (Homeostatic mechanism)
4.3. Sketch Fig 1.7 on p. 11 (Room temperature)
4.4. Explain how each of the following are examples of negative feedback homeostatic mechanisms:
furnace/air conditioner (p. 10)
body temperature (p. 10)
BP maintenance (p. 11)
blood glucose (p. 12)
4.5. Explain how uterine contractions is an example of a positive-feedback homeostatic mechanism (p. 12):
4.6. Explain “normal range” (p. 12):
5. Describe “anatomical position” (p.21; Objective D):
6. Relative position/directional terms (p. 21; Objective E). Describe/define each term and give an example of how each would be used in a sentence:
superior -
inferior -
anterior –
posterior –
medial –
lateral –
ipsilateral –
contralateral –
proximal –
distal –
superficial –
peripheral –
deep –
7. Body cavities (p. 12; Objective F):
7.1. Sketch Fig 1.9a (lateral view):
7.2. Sketch Fig 1.9b (anterior view)
7.3. Describe the following cavities/terms:
cranial cavity
oral cavity
nasal cavity
orbital cavity
middle ear cavity
vertebral/spinal canal
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
viscera (organs)
diaphragm
mediastinum
(R)ight and (L)eft pleural cavities
8. Body Regions (p. 23-25; Objective G):
Describe each of the 43 regions we use to describe various areas on/within the human body:
abdominal
acromial
antebrachial
antecubital
axillary
brachial
buccal
carpal
celiac
cephalic
cervical
costal
coxal
crural
cubital
digital
dorsum
femoral
frontal
genital
gluteal
inguinal
lumbar
mammary
mental
nasal
occipital
oral
orbital
otic
palmar
patellar
pectoral
pedal
pelvic
perineal
plantar
popliteal
sacral
sternal
tarsal
umbilical
vertebral
9. Body Regions: abdominopelvic (p. 23-25; Objective H):
9.1. abdominal tic tac toe: Sketch Fig 1.23a on p. 23:
Explain the following terms/regions:
epigastric –
hypochondriac (right and left) –
umbilical -
lumbar (right and left) –
hypogastric –
iliac/inguinal (right and left) –
9.2. Familiarize yourselves with the abdominal quadrants and identify the organs found within (Fig 1.23b). This is simply another method of dividing-up the abdominal cavity :
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (LLQ)
10. Body Sections (p. 21-22, Fig 1.21 = 3 planes; Objective I). Describe each of the 3 planes:
sagittal –
transverse –
coronal –
cylindrical organs: Sketch and label Fig 1.22 on p. 23 (cross section, oblique and longitudinal)
11. Medical and Applied Sciences (p. 25; Objective J). Explain each of the following fields:
cardiology
dermatology
endocrinology
epidemiology
gastroenterology
geriatrics
gerontology
gynecology
hematology
histology
immunology
neonatology
nephrology
neurology
obstetrics
oncology
ophthalomology
orthopedics
otolaryngology
pathology
pediatrics
pharmacology
podiatry
psychiatry
radiology
toxicology
urology
1 chapter 1 CPK packet.docx 9/13/2013 7