Civil WarReview
______was the Republican candidate for president in 1860. Because the ______Party split over the issue of slavery, Lincoln easily won a majority of ______votes and became the sixteenth ______of the United States. However, several ______states refused to accept Lincoln’s election as president. Such states feared the new president might try to ______slavery, or at least he would attempt to ______it further. These southern states voted to ______from the Union in late 1860 and early 1861 and formed the ______States of America. (To secede from the Union meant to leave or ______from the Union.) ______was elected president of the Confederacy. Davis had been serving as a United States senator from ______.
In April 1861 President Lincoln refused to remove the federal troops stationed at ______in Charleston, South Carolina. When Confederate forces responded to Lincoln’s refusal by firing on the fort, the ______began. The war started in ______and lasted until ______.A civil war is war between people of the ______country. After the Confederates’ attack on FortSumter, President ______asked the states to send troops to serve in the United States army. Instead of sending troops to put down the rebellion, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to ______from the Union and join the ______.
Mounting ______tensions throughout the 1850s and a failure of ______will led to the Civil War. The Standards of Learning for Virginia and United States History have identified seven major causes of the Civil War. First, an ongoing ______debate occurred on several key issues. For example, the North and the South continually debated ______policy, the extension of ______in the western territories, and the nature of the ______. When discussing the nature of the Union, the South consistently took the ______position, while the North stood for a strong national government. A second cause resulted from the continuous conflict between the northern ______and southern ______of slavery. Third, the United States Supreme Court’s decision in the ______case was another important cause of the Civil War. A fourth cause was the publication of ______’s UncleTom’sCabin. Fifth, ineffective ______leadership throughout the decade of the 1850s also contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Sixth, a history of failed ______over the expansion of slavery in the territories helped cause the war. Seventh, President ______’s call for troops in 1861 was the final cause of the Civil War identified by the Standards of Learning.
The secession of the Southern states triggered a long and costly war that concluded with ______victory, a restoration of the ______, and emancipation of the ______. In American history, the term ______refers to freeing the African-American slaves. During the Civil War, the early nineteenth century debate over the power of the ______government vs. ______finally reached a climax. The Civil War involved two important issues. First, the survival of the United States as ______nation was in danger. Second, the Civil War tested the United States’ ability to live up to its ideals of ______, ______, and justice. More Americans died in the ______than in any other war in the nation’s history.
Many Americans distinguished themselves during the Civil War. For example, ______served as president of the United States throughout the Civil War. Lincoln opposed ______and insisted the Union should be held together, by ______, if necessary. Jefferson Davis served as president of the ______of ______. Before the Civil War, ______had served as a member of the United States Senate from the state of Mississippi. ______was the greatest Union general. He won victories over the ______after several other Union commanders had failed. ______. ______was the most important Confederate general and commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee also opposed ______. However, Lee did / did not believe the Union should be held together by force. After the war, Lee encouraged Southerners to accept ______and ______as Americans. Frederick Douglass was a former enslaved African-American, who became an important ______-______. Douglass encouraged President ______to recruit former enslaved African-Americans and other free blacks to fight in the Union army.
The Civil War witnessed many famous battles, including ______,
______, and ______. In September 1862,Northern newspapers considered the Battle of Antietam a major ______victory over the Confederates, because Lee and his Confederate army retreated from the battlefield in Sharpsburg, ______back into Virginia. Antietam was so important because the North’s belief in a Union victory at Antietam allowed President ______to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The Battle of Gettysburg was a major ______victory over the ______in Pennsylvania in July 1863. Gettysburg proved to be the ______turning point of the Civil War. Finally, Appomattox was the village in ______where Lee surrendered to ______to end the Civil War.
The Battle of Antietam marked a new stage in the Civil War, because after this battle President Lincoln decided to issue the ______. This proclamation freed those ______who lived in ______states, which were still rebelling against the Union on January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation changed the character of the war, because ______of ______joined preservation of the ______as a Northern war aim. The Emancipation Proclamation also discouraged both ______and ______from helping the Confederacy, because neither one of these countries wanted to give the appearance of supporting ______.
In November 1863, President Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to dedicate a military cemetery there. At this ceremony Lincoln delivered the famous ______
______. In this speech,Lincoln described the Union as ______nation, rather than as a federation of ______, ______states. In contrast, the South had believed the states had freely ______the Union and could freely leave or ______from it. In short, Lincoln used the Gettysburg Address as a means to set forth his current belief that the Civil War was fulfilling a dual purpose: 1) ______the ______; and 2)______slavery. Finally, Abraham Lincoln considered the Civil War a “Second American Revolution.” He held this belief, because by ending African-American ______the United States made progress toward realizing the Declaration of Independence’s ideal that “All men are created ______.”
The Civil War had a big impact on African-Americans, the ______, and the home front in ______. The war had an effect on African-Americans, because the Emancipation Proclamation allowed for the enlistment of African-American ______. In addition, during the Civil War, many enslaved African-Americans gained ______by running behind Union lines when the Union army approached.
The Civil War affected the common soldier through hand-to-hand ______, ______warfare, and camp life that was often ______and ______. Historians know about the life of the common soldier by war time ______and ______that the soldiers sent home during the war. At the war’s end Southern soldiers often returned home to find that their houses had been ______and their families were living in ______. Many soldiers on both sides of the conflict came home from the war ______or ______, and many of them lived with permanent ______.
The Civil War changed the lives of many women by requiring them to assume ______roles on the home front. During the war, they managed homes and families with ______resources and frequently faced ______and ______.Many women also took on new roles in ______, ______, and in ______industries during the Civil War.
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