Mr. Storie 10S Science Exploring the Universe Unit Review KEY
Exploring the Universe Unit Review
YOU ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW THE MEANING OF ALL THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
CONSTELLATION POLARIS ASTROLABE AZIMUTH ALTITUDE RETROGRADE STAR
PTOLEMY COPERNICUS GALILEO KEPLER GEOCENTRIC HELIOCENTRIC SOLSTICE
EQUINOX PLANET REVOLUTION ROTATION CORE FUSION NEBULA SUPERNOVA
BLACK HOLE GALAXY MOON TERRESTIAL ASTEROID METEOROID METEOR
METEORITE COMET ASTEROID BELT KUIPER BELT OORT CLOUD LIGHT-YEAR A.U.
ASTRONOMY COSMOLOGY RED SHIFT APPARENT MAGNITUDE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE
SPECTROSCOPE TELESCOPE EM SPECTRUM ESCAPE VELOCITY GEOSYNCHRONOUS
SATELLITES GPS PROBES ROVERS ISS
S1-4-03: Why were the position and motion of visible celestial objects important to past cultures?
1. Why was it important to follow the motion of the celestial objects in the past?
Tracking patterns allowed them to predict weather events and growing seasons, as well as being used for navigation. Celestial events played a role in ceremonial events and culture as well.
2. What is a constellation? Include an example of one.
A group of stars that have been identified as outlining a shape or pattern – like Orion, or the Big Dipper.
S1-4-01: How can you measure the location of objects in the sky?
3. What is Polaris?
The “North Star.” A star that is the closest to being over the Earth’s northern pole and used as a navigation guideline.
4. Define azimuth and altitude?
Azimuth is the degree difference an object is located from due North. Altitude is the height of an object away from the horizon. North and the horizon would be 0o.
5. If an object is directly above you, its altitude is:
a) 0o / b) 90oc) 45o / d) 180o
6. Write the azimuth value next to its compass direction:
· North 0o / · West 270 o / · Northwest 315o· East 90o / · South 180o / · Southeast 135o
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Mr. Storie 10S Science Exploring the Universe Unit Review KEY
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Mr. Storie 10S Science Exploring the Universe Unit Test
7. What is the one big problem associated with using an astrolabe?
Since each person has their own measurements based on their own “view,” you need to define a reference point so two people can account for this difference - you need a second agreed upon object to measure.
8. Which of the following fact about stars and planets is false?
a) Stars appear to twinkle. / b) Planets have a higher surface temperature.c) Planets are non-luminous. / d) Planets have an orbit.
S1-4-04: What evidence is there that the sun is the centre of our solar system?
9. Ptolemy’s model is also known as the:
a) Geocentric model / b) Heliocentric modelc) Copernican model / d) Galilean model
10. Galileo Galilei was the first astronomer to observe:
a) The planet Mercury / b) The rings of Venusc) Moons of Jupiter / d) Stars
11. Copernicus presented evidence for a different model of the universe. The most important change he introduced was:
a) First astronomer to make a star map. / b) Replaced the earth-centred model with a sun-centred universe.c) Replaced the sun-centred model with an earth-centred universe. / d) Stated that all planets revolved around the sun, but the sun revolved around the Earth.
12. The astronomer responsible for developing the concept of epicycles to explain retrograde motion of planets was:
a) Galileo / b) Keplerc) Ptolemy / d) Copernicus
S1-4-05: How does the position and motion of Earth produce day/night, the phases of the moon, and the seasons?
13. We experience winter in Winnipeg when the Northern Hemisphere is:
a) Tilted toward the Sun so we receive direct sunlight.
b) Tilted away from the Sun so we receive direct sunlight.
c) Tilted toward the Sun so we receive indirect sunlight.
d) Tilted away from the Sun so we receive indirect sunlight.
14. We only ever see one side of the moon because:
a) The moon does not rotate.
b) Both the moon’s rotation and revolution are 28 days.
c) The moon rotates in 1 day.
d) The moon revolves around the Earth in 1 day.
15. How much time is there between full moons?
a) 1 day / b) 2 weeksc) 1 month / d) 1 year
16. The year is based on…
a) The Earth’s rotation / b) The Earth’s revolutionc) The Moon’s revolution / d) The Sun’s rotation
17. Draw a diagram showing why Canada is cold in winter and warm in summer. Your diagram should show the position of the Earth relative to the Sun in both seasons.
Winter Summer
Indirect light Direct light
Titled away Tilted towards
18. Explain why Canada is dark at night and light by day.
The Earth rotates on its axis (spins around) once a day, so at any moment, half the Earth is in shadow and this is night, while the other half is facing the Sun and is in daytime.
S1-4-08: What objects make up our solar system and Universe?
19. Which are characteristics of outer planets?
a) Large radius; made mostly of gas / b) Large radius; rockyc) Small radius; made mostly of gas / d) Small radius; rocky
20. Which planet is completely different from the other three?
a) Jupiter / b) Marsc) Saturn / d) Neptune
21. Which planet did astronomers discover by observing the orbit of Uranus?
a) Earth / b) Jupiterc) Mars / d) Neptune
22. The brightest planet seen in Earth's skies is:
a) Mars / b) Venusc) Jupiter / d) Pluto
23. Imagine a new planet has been discovered between Jupiter and Saturn. Describe some characteristics you would expect the planet to have.
Large, Gaseous, dense core, maybe spins quickly, might have rings.
24. In which stage of its life is our nearest star?
a) Yellow giant / b) White dwarfc) Main sequence / d) Early sequence
25. Which path might an extremely large star follow when it dies?
a) Red giant > White dwarf
b) Supernova > Black hole
c) Black hole > Supernova
d) Supernova > White dwarf
26. Explain the statement: “Stars have a life cycle.”
The have a birth – in the nebula – grow in various ways, and then die in various ways (supernova, white dwarfs, black holes…)
S1-4-06: How do astronomers measure the great distances in the universe?
27. The mean distance of the Earth from the sun in astronomical units is:
a) 3.7 / b) 10c) 1 / d) 101
28. A planet is 19 AU from the Sun. Explain whether it closer or farther away from the Sun than Earth?
It would be 19 times farther away than Earth, since 1 AU is the distance between Earth and Sun.
29. Which unit is commonly used to measure distances between stars?
a) Kilometres / b) Light-yearsc) Light-kilometres / d) Astronomical units
30. What does a light-year represent and what is its numerical value?
The distance a beam of electromagnetic energy (including visible light) will travel in one year.
This distance is 3 x 108 m/s (300 000 000 metres every second)
S1-4-07: What is the evidence for the Big Bang Theory?
31. Place the star colour in order from coolest to hottest. (Put the letter on the blank.)
Orange B a. Coolest
Blue E b. Cool
White D c. Medium
Yellow C d. Hot
Red A e. Hottest
32. Explain the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude of a star?
Apparent magnitude is how bright the star seems compared to other stars. Absolute magnitude is the “true” brightness of a star when distance is taken into account – closer things seem brighter than far away things, even though they might not be.
33. Which of the following instruments can be used to separate white light into its component colours?
a) A photometer / b) A CCD camerac) A spectroscope / d) A refractor
34. Light can tell us 3 things about stars including:
a) The temperature (how hot it is)
b) What it is made up of (elements)
c) If it is moving towards or away from us
35. Red shift is seen as proof that:
a) The universe is collapsing / b) The universe is expandingc) A Heliocentric solar system exists / d) We have a constant universe
36. What part of the spectrum (type of wave) was used to discover the background noise that was identified as the remnants of the big bang?
Microwaves – called the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBs)
S1-4-09: What is the purpose of the various objects humans put in space?
37. Give reasons why Earth telescopes are unable to provide as clear an image of objects as the Hubble telescope.
· Pollution in the sky obscures the view.
· The atmosphere scatters light and makes it inaccurate (this is why the sky turns colour over a day)
· The atmosphere stops some rays (UV, gamma) from reaching the Earth and these could help us learn more too.
S1-4-11: What are advantages and disadvantages of using robots in space?
38. Why do we always send robots first?
No loss of life.
(cheaper) Can do preliminary work to see if it is worth the extra cost to send humans
Can go places humans can’t yet.
Key Term / DefinitionM / Constellation / A. A tool used to determine the altitude of a celestial object
R / Big Bang theory / B. Model where Earth is considered to be the center of the solar system
C / Fusion / C. A process during which substances fuse to form new substances, releasing huge amounts of heat, light, and other forms of energy
D / Asteroid / D. Small rocky body leftover from the formation of the solar system
W / Rover / E. Orbiting material composed of ice, rock, and gas
E / Comet / F. “Space rock” that lands on Earth’s surface
F / Meteorite / G. Pieces of rock floating through space
B / Geocentric / H. Area of our solar system where comets originate
G / Meteoroid / I. A huge explosion that occurs at the end of a massive star’s life
I / Supernova / J. A huge cloud of dust and gases; the beginning of a star
A / Astrolabe / K. A huge collection of stars, bodies, and gases held together by gravity
J / Nebula / L. Natural object in space; a planet, a moon, an asteroid, a star…
K / Galaxy / M. A group of stars that form a fixed pattern
L / Celestial body / N. The appearance that a planet orbits in a loop or S shape in the sky
H / Oort Cloud / O. The path of a celestial object in space
Z / Black hole / P. Distance that electromagnetic energy travels in a year; 300 000 km/s
U / Telescope / Q. How bright a star appears to the viewer
X / Azimuth / R. Theory that a tiny volume of space suddenly and rapidly expanded to an immense size about 13.7 billion years ago
N / Retrograde motion / S. Phenomenon where wavelengths of radiated energy are being constantly stretched as the universe expands
O / Orbit / T. Orbit that appears to sit above the same place on Earth
P / Light-year / U. Device that uses lenses to gather and focus light to provide a magnified view
Q / Apparent Magnitude / V. The actual brightness of a star
S / Red shift / W. Robotic space explorer
T / Geosynchronous / X. The angle of a celestial object from an observer’s north point.
V / Absolute Magnitude / Y. The time when the daylight hours equal the night time hours
Y / Equinox / Z. A high-density core left when extremely large stars collapse, or die; have so much gravity not even light can escape
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