15) Crime (adult, under-age)
I think, that our laws are quite good but some of them are not good for everyone. Laws and rights in the Czech Republic are presented in the Constitution of the Czech Republic and in Chart of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms. Some bad people commit a crime (break the law or do something wrong or illegal). The crime is divided into the groups:minor offences (for example bad parking, fast ride of if you steal something what has ĺower price than 5 thousand crowns) and offences (for example murder or bank robbery).
If you are caught during committing a crime, the police arrests you and you are usually put into the attachment at the police station, then the police must investigate your crime, you must make the statement because the police will question you. Police also must to hear a witness. Then if you are charged with the crime, you usually get to the court. There is ajudge (the head of the court), jury (it settles a matter if you are guilty or innocent, sometimes it is made by the judge), barrister who defends you and your rights, and you are called defendant at the court. You with your barrister must prove that you are innocent. If you are guilty you usually go to the prison and you are called a prisoner.
Some kinds of crime: murder, blackmail, kidnapping, smuggling, hijacking, bulglary, vandalism, shoplifting, etc.
You are accountable from your 15 years. From 15 to 18 you are juvenil. If you commit minor offences you can be put to a diagnostic institution then to child´s home with school or to a educationl istitution. The educational institution is similar to the prison if you commit some offence (like the prison for children).
Vocabulary:
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Constitution – ústava
Chart of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms – listina základních práv a svobod
minnor offence – přestupek
offence – trestný čin
to investigate – vyšetřit
to make the statement – učinit výpověď
court – soud
judge – soudce
jury – porota
defendant – obviněný
barrister – obhájce
guilty – vinný
innocent - nevinný
reference to - poznámka
distrust of – nedůvěra
persecution – obhajova
reveal – odhalit
descendant – potomek
modification – úprava
conceal – skrýt
maintain – udržet
ancient customs – staré zvyky
trailer – maringotka
restrict - omezit
amend – přidat
flow – příliv
reinforce – podpořit
underage – neplnoletý
underagent – zástupce
receive – získat
refuge – uprchnout
turmoil – zmatek
annual fair – výroční trh
attitude – postoj
steal/rob – krádež/loupež
shoplifting – krádež v obchodě
bulgary – krádež v bytě
smuggling - pašování
arson/arsonist – žhářství/žhář
kidnapping – únos
commit a crime – spáchat trestný čin
accuse of – obvinit
charge with – obvinit
plead with – přiznat se
pass verdict on – vynést rozsudek
acquit of – osvobodit
to fine – zaplatit pokutu
investigate – vyšetřit
to arrest – zatknout
barrister - obhájce
defendant – obviněný
to prove – dokázat
decision – rozhodnutí
punishment – potrestání
minor offence – přestupek
to stab in – bodnout do
to strangle – uškrtit
sword – čepel
wound – tržná rána
swordstick – bode v holi
to spy – špehovat
income – daň
an offence weapon – bodná zbraň
self – deffence – sebeobrana
lighter sentence – mírnější trest
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