Soc 313: Exam 2
Spring 08, Section 001
Name: ______
Part I:
The following are 25 matching problems. There is a definition or description to the left and a series of terms to the right. Match the correct term to its definition or description by writing the letter of the term in the blank to the left of the number of the definition or description. Note that a term can only be used once, but that you will not need to use all the terms. (You will have 27 terms left over.) Each question is worth 1 point.
Part II:
The following are 25 multiple choice problems. Choose the best answer for each question by writing the letter of the answer in the blank to the left of the number of the question. Each question is worth 1 point.
____ 1. Which theory states that individuals will be unlikely to join a social movement if they perceive that they can attain the benefits of the movement’s success without putting forth any effort in achieving that success?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 2. Which theory contends that many movements grow out of pre-established networks of individuals, communities, and organizations because these networks provide both the resources and organizational structure to support movement formation?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 3. Which theory holds that strains caused by discrepancies between individual expectations and perceived reality as experienced through interactions are a primary cause of collective behaviors, which can transform into social movements?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 4. Which theory argues that specific social movements or SMOs are generated throughgroup formation processes in which old ways of thinking are challenged, solidarity is generated, new convictions and ideas are formed, and tactics are generated?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 5. Which theory holds that there is a curvilinear relationship between repression and protest? In other words, which theory believes that both too much repression and not enough repression can impede social movements from achieving their goals?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 6. Which theory envisions social movements encountering a complex configuration of opportunities and constraints, which are in a constant state of flux, which in part is caused by actions the movement itself may take?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 7. Which theory contends that strains caused by problems or errors within or between the structures of the social system are one of the primary components which explain the formation of social movements?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 8. Which theory incorporates the insights of population ecology into its study of social movement organizations?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 9. Which theory holds that the nature of six factors/elements will dictate the form of collective behavior generated by the occurrence of these factors(social movements being one potential form of collective behavior)?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 10. Which theory views social movements as fulfilling a demand or preference for certain types of social change, which builds up within a society? In other words, which theory sees social movements as filling niches generated by gradual changes within a population over time?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 11. Which theory is defined by its view of the individual as making decisions only on the basis of a rational calculation of costs, risks, and rewards/benefits referred to as a cost-benefit analysis?
A. Blumer’s Theory
B. Value Added Theory
C. Rational Actor Theory
D. Resource Mobilization Theory
E. Political Opportunity Structure/Political Process Theory
____ 12. Distinct periods of time marked by increased politicization and mobilization of previously inactive individuals and groups as well as the emergence of new groups, organizations, and causes preceded and followed by relatively stable low levels of political contention is a key insight of which area of study?
A. Biographical Availability
B. Repertoires
C. Cycles of Contention
D. Frames
____ 13. The study of how social movement tactics are constrained and how they evolve falls under which area of study?
A. Biographical Availability
B. Repertoires
C. Cycles of Contention
D. Frames
____ 14. The idea that activists are freer to participate in movement activities because they have fewer structural and personal constraints, which adjusts their cost-benefit analysis by lowering potential risks and costs is called what?
A. Biographical Availability
B. Repertoires
C. Cycles of Contention
D. Frames
____ 15. Consider the following attempt at frame alignment by a social movement. Then select the frame alignment process consistent with the description.
The cadre of a SMO believe that a number of isolated adherents could become constituents if only they knew the SMO existed. In order to bring these people into the movement, the SMO employs a direct mailing campaign to inform the isolated adherents about the existence and goals of the movement.
A.Frame Bridging
B. Frame Amplification
C. Frame Extension
D. Frame Transformation
____ 16.Consider the following attempt at frame alignment by a social movement. Then select the frame alignment process consistent with the description.
A SMO is concerned a chemical plant in their town is dumping untreated waste into a local river. The SMO is primarily concerned with health problems that they attribute to the dumping. In order to bring in additional resources from a new group of people, the SMO begins talking about property values in a wealthy area down river.
A. Frame Bridging
B. Frame Amplification
C. Frame Extension
D. Frame Transformation
____ 17. Consider the following attempt at frame alignment by a social movement. Then select the frame alignment process consistent with the description.
A SMO concerned with the relocation of a homeless shelter into its neighborhood appeal to the family values of its potential adherents and constituents. They continually portray the shelter as a threat to the women and children of the neighborhood in order to increase the salience of the family values frame.
A. Frame Bridging
B. Frame Amplification
C. Frame Extension
D. Frame Transformation
____ 18.Consider the following attempt at frame alignment by a social movement. Then select the frame alignment process consistent with the description.
A labor union is striking to protest what they consider to be low wages, poor health benefits, and a dangerous work environment. They repeatedly mention that capitalists are intrinsically exploitersin order to remind people of the unbalanced relationship between workers and capitalists and increase support for the striking workers in the community.
A. Frame Bridging
B. Frame Amplification
C. Frame Extension
D. Frame Transformation
____ 19. Consider the following attempt at frame alignment by a social movement. Then select the frame alignment process consistent with the description.
A nature conservancy SMO is fighting to save a local wooded area from proposed industrial development. The area is considered a great spot for bird watching. It has even been nationally recognized for its diversity of birds. The SMO gets the Audubon Society (a national society for very serious bird people) to give the SMO their list of members. The SMO calls everyone to inform these serious birding people about the potential loss of such a great birding spot and to ask for assistance in blocking the proposed development.
A. Frame Bridging
B. Frame Amplification
C. Frame Extension
D. Frame Transformation
____ 20. A broad, general frame that taps into widely shared cultural values like “justice” or “equality” is which type of frame?
A. Master Frame
B. Collective Action Frame
____ 21. Frame Resonance is determined by both the frame’s credibility and its salience. Which three dimensions determine a frame’s salience?
A. Frame Consistency, Empirical Credibility, and Claims-Maker Credibility
B. Diagnostic Framing, Prognostic Framing, and Motivational Framing
C. Centrality, Experiential Commensurability, and Narrative Fidelity
D. Locus of Attribution, Flexibility/Rigidity – Inclusivity/Exclusivity, and Scope of Influence
____ 22. Frame Resonance is determined by both the frame’s credibility and its salience. Which three dimensions determine a frame’s credibility?
A. Frame Consistency, Empirical Credibility, and Claims-Maker Credibility
B. Diagnostic Framing, Prognostic Framing, and Motivational Framing
C. Centrality, Experiential Commensurability, and Narrative Fidelity
D. Locus of Attribution, Flexibility/Rigidity – Inclusivity/Exclusivity, and Scope of Influence
____ 23. In which two ways do new social movements differ from old social movements?
A. Grievance level and locus of control
B. Concern with identity and cultural opportunity structure
C.Size and network density
D. Grievance focus and organizational form
____ 24. Which theoretical tradition explains the shift from old social movements to new social movements is caused by a transition from one economic form to a new one?
A. Symbolic Interactionism
B. Functionalism
C. Rational Choice/Rational Actor Theory
D. Marxism
____ 25.The transitional shift in economic form identified by the theory in question 24 is from ___ to ___?
A. Industrial Capitalism to Post-industrial Capitalism
B.Feudalism to Industrial Capitalism
C. Manufacturing to Services
D. Modernism to Post-modernism
Part III:
The following are 4 essay questions. You only need to answer 2 of them. This also means you must not answer 2 of them. If you answer them all, I’ll only grade the first 2. Answer the 2 that you know the best. Answer as fully but concisely as possible. Please answer in complete sentences. Each question is worth 25 points.
Identify which 2 questions you intend to answer by circling the number of the question AND by writing it at the beginning of your answer.
1) At first glance, Frame Bridging and Frame Extension seem to be very similar frame alignment processes. First, define Frame Bridging and Frame Extension. Then explain how they differ.
2) Explain the process an individual might go through from participating in low risk, low cost activism to high risk, high cost activism. (You can use a graph if you find it helpful, but be sure to fully explain the graph.)
3) Both Resource Mobilization Theory and Political Opportunity Structure state that support from organizations outside the social movement are crucial for a social movement to succeed. Explain the difference in how the two theories account for this factor.
4)The study of social movements began in large part because collective behavior theories had a hard time explaining the social movements in the US in the 1960s and 1970s. What couldn’t the collective behavior theories account for? Then explain why they couldn’t account for these things.