Anatomy & Physiology
Neural Tissue WS
2
1. Name the two major subdivisions of the nervous system
a) ______Nervous System
b) ______Nervous System
2. Name the two parts (organs) of the CNS
a)
b)
3. What are the three functions of the nervous system?
a)
b)
c)
4. Fill out the chart concerning neuroglial cells.
Neuroglial Cell / LocationCNS or PNS / Function
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte
Schwann Cell
5. Motor (AKA afferent / efferent) neurons carry impulses towards/away from the CNS and towards/away muscles or glands.
6. Associative neurons are also called ______and are found in the CNS/PNS.
7. What type of neuron carries impulses to the brain and spinal cord? ______
8. What is the function of myelin sheaths around the axons?
9. What cells produce myelin sheaths in the PNS?______CNS? ______
10. What are the three classifications of neurons based upon their structure?
a) b) c)
11. Where are bipolar neurons found in the body?
12. What are the three classifications of neurons based upon their functions?
a) b) c)
13. Impulses are carried towards the soma of a nerve cell by the ______.
14. What neuroglial cell is responsible for the presence of white matter in the brain?
15. The approximate resting potential of a typical neuron is ______mv.
16. Sodium-potassium Pumps transport Na into / out of a cell and K into / out of a cell.
17. The resting membrane potential consists of a cell cytoplasm that contains a higher concentration of ______ions and a lower concentration of ______ions than the surrounding extracellular fluid.
18. Depolarization of a membrane will shift the membrane potential from ______mv to ______mv.
19. The movement of the membrane potential back to the resting potential level is called ______.
20. The All-or-None Law states that an action potential will ______.
21. The sequential depolarization of the membrane along an axon causes transmission of the nerve impulse. This is also called an ______.
22. The period during which the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong is the ______Refractory Period.
23. The minimum level of a stimulus at which depolarization of an axon will occur is called the ______stimulus.
2
24. Summation is the adding of ______stimuli until a minimum level is reached thus causing depolarization.
25. The junction or space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron is called a ______.
26. The Latin phrase for the “leaping” of axon impulse over the myelin sheaths is known as ______.
27. The spaces between the myelin sheaths are called ______.
28. The speed of an impulse is based upon what two factors
a)
b)
29. Chemicals that are released by the axon knob are called ______.
30. What is the space between the axon knob and the receptor membrane called?
31. The neurotransmitters cause ______to occur in the post-synaptic membrane.
32. The most common excitatory neurotransmitter is ______
33. Ach is broken down by ______(abbreviation).
34. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that destroys the ______.
35. Polio is a viral infection that attacks ______neurons.
36. Rabies is a viral infection that is absorbed through the synaptic ______.
37. During rabies, what symptom causes the mammal to…
a) act “crazy”?
b) foam at the mouth?
2
Matching – Neuron structure (some will be used more than once.)
2
a) Axon e) Myelin sheath
b) Axon terminal f) Node of Ranvier
c) Soma g) Synapse
d) Dendrite
2
2
38. _____ Releases neurotransmitters
39. _____ Conducts local currents towards the soma
40. _____ Damaged during multiple sclerosis
41. _____ Increases the speed of impulse transmission
42. _____ Location of the nucleus
43. _____ Gaps in the myelin sheaths
44. _____ Junctions between nerve cells
45. _____ Conducts impulses away from the soma
46. _____ Shorter branches that taper off the cell body
47. _____ Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS
48. _____ Longer processes (up to 3-4 feet long)
49. _____ Causes white matter of the brain
2
Label the parts of the Nerve Cell
50. ______
51. ______
52. ______
53. ______
54. ______
55. ______
56. ______
57. ______
For the following picture of a chemical synapse,
label it and color it as directed. (see pg 233)
Label the numbered boxes using
the lettered choices below
A. Synaptic cleft
B. Mitochondria
C. Synaptic vesicles
D. Axon knob
E. Post-synaptic membrane
F. Neurotransmitter receptors
G. Ion channels
Color the following structures using colored pencils
Neurotransmitter molecules – BLUE
Na ions - RED
2
65. Define the following terms:
2
a. Neuron
b. Neuroglia
c. Central nervous system (CNS)
d. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
e. Dendrites
f. Axon
g. Myelin
h. Receptor
i. Afferent (sensory) neuron
j. Interneuron (associative)
k. Efferent (motor) neuron
l. Effector
m. Polarized
n. Depolarization
o. Repolarization
p. Action potential
2
q. Synaptic cleft
r. Acetylcholine (ACh)
2
66. Describe how action potentials are generated and propagated along neurons.
(Use correct terminology, complete sentences and a detail.)
2
2