Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) 1

Figure S1. Phylogeny of 147 woody plant species in the 27 study plots extracted from a larger phylogeny of 440 woody species in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve (O. Purschke, S. G. Michalski, B. Bruelheide and W. Durka unpublished). The phylogeny is based on public and new sequence data (matK, rbcL ITS, GenBank), Maximum Likelihood tree inference using PhyML (Guindon & Gascuel 2003) applying the GTR+I+G model, and calculation of an ultrametric tree by non-parametric rate smoothing (Sanderson 1997) using 28 fossil calibration points.

References

Guindon S, Gascuel O (2003) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by Maximum Likelihood. Systematic Biology, 52, 696-704.

Sanderson MJ, 1997, A nonparametric approach to estimating divergence times in the absence of rate constancy, Molecular Biology and Evolution 14: 1218-1231.


Figure S2. Relationships between a) mean phylogenetic distance and species richness of woody plants, b) spider species richness and stand age, c) spider functional richness (FRic) and woody plant species richness, and d) spider functional richness (FRic) and stand age. Relationships were non-significant with P > 0.2 in all cases. For further details see main text.


Table S1. Fixed factors retained in the minimal mixed-effects models for functional richness (FRic), evenness (FEve), and divergence (FDiv) when MPD was included into the full model as the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance among angiosperms (i.e. excluding conifers; for results with conifers included see Table 1 in the main text)

Response / Fixed effects / Stand. Est. (± SE) / df / t / P
Functional richness (FRic)
- / - / - / - / -
AICc full/minimal model: -169.7/-194.4
Functional evenness (FEve)
Herb cover (plot) / 0.209 (±0.104) / 24 / 2.02 / 0.055
Woody plant species richness (plot)1 / 0.259 (±0.104) / 24 / 2.50 / 0.020
AICc full/minimal model:-246.6/-267.31
Functional divergence (FDiv)
Canopy cover (plot) / 0.324 (±0.102) / 21 / 3.19 / 0.004
Elevation (plot) / -0.327 (±0.095) / 21 / -3.42 / 0.003
Herb species richness (plot) / -0.299 (±0.102) / 21 / -2.94 / 0.008
Woody plant species richness (plot)1 / 0.446 (±0.097) / 21 / 4.58 / <0.001
Plot age / 0.317 (±0.102) / 21 / 3.10 / 0.005
AICc full/minimal model: -266.6/-275.9

1log-transformed


Table S2. Standardized effects sizes (± SE) and probabilities for the relationships between the three metrics of spider functional diversity (FRic, FDiv, FEve) and the species richness and the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD, including all woody plant species), respectively, of woody plants in the 27 study plots. Each of the five spider traits used in the analyses was downweighted in turn (by a factor of 10,000) to show the impact of each trait on the observed relationships (completely excluding traits was not possible due to numerical problems, see main text)

Woody plant species richness / MPD
Response / Trait data downweighted / Std. Est. (± SE) / P / Std. Est. (± SE) / P
Functional richness (FRic)
Stratum downweighted / -0.021 (±0.140) / 0.882 / -0.022 (±0.140) / 0.877
Hunting type downweighted / -0.094 (±0.139) / 0.504 / 0.027 (±0.140) / 0.850
Prey range downweighted / 0.003 (±0.134) / 0.983 / -0.029 (±0.133) / 0.832
Body size downweighted / 0.006 (±0.134) / 0.963 / -0.009 (±0.134) / 0.949
Phenology downweighted / -0.083 (±0.136) / 0.546 / 0.037 (±0.136) / 0.791
No trait downweighted / -0.032 (±0.141) / 0.822 / 0.034 (±0.141) / 0.814
Functional divergence (FDiv)
Stratum downweighted / 0.424 (±0.137) / 0.005 / -0.503 (±0.126) / <0.001
Hunting type downweighted / 0.373 (±0.148) / 0.018 / -0.529 (±0.127) / <0.001
Prey range downweighted / 0.349 (±0.151) / 0.029 / -0.498 (±0.133) / 0.001
Body size downweighted / 0.352 (±0.151) / 0.028 / -0.515 (±0.131) / <0.001
Phenology downweighted / 0.237 (±0.138) / 0.099 / -0.260 (±0.137) / 0.068
No trait downweighted / 0.414 (±0.135) / 0.005 / -0.531 (±0.118) / <0.001
Functional evenness (FEve)
Stratum downweighted / 0.301 (±0.106) / 0.009 / -0.249 (±0.112) / 0.035
Hunting type downweighted / 0.206 (±0.119) / 0.097 / -0.240 (±0.117) / 0.051
Prey range downweighted / 0.283 (±0.103) / 0.011 / -0.268 (±0.104) / 0.017
Body size downweighted / 0.368 (±0.123) / 0.006 / -0.166 (±0.139) / 0.246
Phenology downweighted / 0.187 (±0.130) / 0.164 / -0.210 (±0.129) / 0.117
No trait downweighted / 0.241 (±0.110) / 0.037 / -0.249 (±0.109) / 0.031