SEARCH TECHNICAL REPORT
A Comparison of the SEARCH Denominator Populations to the U.S. Population of Youthby Race/Ethnic Groupsand Other Demographic Characteristics
January 2013
based on the report from July 2010
Tim Morgan, PhD1
Nancy West, PhD2
Lenna L. Liu, MD, MPH3
Andrea Anderson, MS1
Ronny Bell, PhD1
Doug Case, PhD1
Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD2
Gena Hargis, MPH1
Beth Loots, MPH, MSW3
Anwar Merchant, ScD4
Kristi Reynolds, PhD, MPH5
Debra Standiford, RN, MSN, CNP6
Beth Waitzfelder, PhD7
1SEARCH Coordinating Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistical Sciences
2University of Colorado Denver, Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
3University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
4Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
5 Kaiser Permanente Southern California
6 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
7 Pacific Health Research Institute, and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
Introduction
The purpose of this technical report was to compare the populations under surveillance for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH)to the U.S. population of youth less than 20 years of age to determine how comparable the populations of the SEARCH study to the broader U.S. population. This represents one aspect of determining whether the SEARCH populations reasonably represent the entire U.S. population, even though they were not selected to be geographically representative. By design, SEARCH has under surveillance a diverse race/ethnic population of youth,withstudy sites being selected purposefully to includeHispanic, Black, White,American Indian, and Asian/Pacific Islander youth.One of the primary aims of SEARCH is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes by type in youth less than 20 years of age. SEARCH estimated the prevalence of diabetes in U.S. in youth in 2001 and2009 and the incidence of diabetes from 2002 through 2009.These prevalence and incidence rate estimates can be applied to the race/ethnic-specific U.S. population to estimate the total number of youth living with diabetes (prevalence) and diagnosed annually (incidence) by age and race/ethnic group.
Methods
SEARCH populations: The comparisons in this report were made for the geographic areas under surveillance for the prevalent 2001 cohort and the incident 2002-2009 cohorts. The enumeration of the 2009 prevalent cohort was not completed at the time that this report was prepared. Census data used to make comparisons were 1) risk factors for development of diabetes in youth and 2) available for the U.S. population at the county level. These included age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment of adults aged 25 and older, and income.
Race/ethnicity:The number of persons by race/ethnicity in the areas under surveillance were determined using the U.S. Census data for the geographic centers (Colorado, Washington, Ohio, and South Carolina), estimated using census block level information for the youth under surveillance in California and Hawaii, and were assumed to be American Indian for Indian Health Service enrollees for the reservation-based sites.Due to the limited sample sizes in some race and ethnic groups, these analyses were restricted to five race/ethnic categories: Black, White,American Indian, Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic.
Education and income measures:Comparisons were based on maximal educational level of the adult population (age ≥ 25 years), household income, and family income in a census area. Since household income and family income provided similar measures of SES, both were examined and included in this report. Household income was defined as income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they were related to the householder. Family income was defined as income of the householder and all other people in the household who were related to the householder.
Data sources: Decennial U.S. Census data were from a representative sample of the entire U.S. population, available on a county wide basis. These data were aggregated at the county level to reflect the areas under surveillance by SEARCH for the 2001 prevalence and 2002-2009 incidence years for comparison to the entire U.S. population. TheCensus data come from Summary Files 3 and 4 (SF3 and SF4) from the 2000 Census. SF3 and SF4 present detailed population estimates of the distribution of education and income by geographic sites collected from a sample (generally 1-in-6) and weighted to represent the total population.
Variables derived from the Census data:
- Race/ethnicity was obtained from SF3 item P7: Hispanic or Latino by specified race group.
- Age was obtained from SF3 item P8: Sex by age.
- SES was obtained from SF4 items:
PCT64: Educational attainment for the population 25 years and older [35 categories].
PCT89: Median household income in 1999 (dollars).
PCT113: Median family income in 1999 (dollars).
For the health plan (membership) based sites, the number of health plan members < 20 years of age on the last day of the year that resided in each of the counties in the region that composed the SEARCH surveillance area was enumerated and the distribution of demographic information for each of the counties obtained from the Census SF4 form was then weighted by the proportion of membership from each county.
Table 1 shows the SEARCH prevalence and incidence surveillance areas, defined by state and county boundaries. For three of the study sites (SC, CO, and HI), the populations under surveillance for diabetes incidence werelarger than the populations used for the prevalence estimates, which is why results are shown for both prevalence and incidence areas in subsequent tables.
Table 1. SEARCH surveillance areas, defined by state and county boundaries
Study site / Prevalence counties / Incidence countiesSouth Carolina / Calhoun
Lexington
Orangeburg
Richland / All counties in South Carolina
Ohio / Butler (OH)
Clermont (OH)
Hamilton (OH)
Warren (OH)
Dearborn (IN)
Boone (KY)
Campbell (KY)
Kenton (KY) / Butler (OH)
Clermont (OH)
Hamilton (OH)
Warren (OH)
Dearborn (IN),
Boone (KY)
Campbell (KY)
Kenton (KY)
Colorado / Adams, Alamosa, Arapahoe, Boulder, Conejos, Costilla, Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, Mesa, Mineral, Rio Grande, and Sauguache / All counties in Colorado
California / Portions of Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura / Portions of Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura
Washington / King, Kitzap, Pierce,
Snohomish, Thurston counties / King, Kitzap, Pierce, Snohomish, Thurston counties
Hawaii / Honolulu county / All counties in Hawaii
In comparing the distribution of the factors between the U.S. and the SEARCH regions, it is important to look at the actual size of the differences and whether they are of practical importance. Because of the large sample sizes, differences of 1-2% easily reach statistical significance, so no statistical testing was conducted.
Results
Table 2 shows the race/ethnic distribution of youth aged less than 20 years in the U.S. compared to the SEARCH surveillance areas.For the SEARCH prevalence 2001 populations, the distribution of Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic American Indian populations were relatively similar to the respective U.S. populations. Notable differences were a smaller proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks and a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders in the SEARCH prevalence population compared to the U.S. population.For the SEARCH incidence 2002-2009surveillance regions, the distributions of Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black populations were relatively similar to the U.S. populations. There was a smaller proportion of non-Hispanic American Indian and a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations among the SEARCH incidence population than among the U.S. populations.
Table 2. Distributionof fiverace/ethnic categories of youth (aged20 years) in the U.S. population and in the SEARCH 2001 prevalence and SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations, based on US Census 2000 data.
Race/ethnic group / U.S. / SEARCH 2001Prevalence population / SEARCH 2002-2009
Incidence population
N (%) / N (%) / N (%)
Hispanic (regardless of race) / 13,587,696 (17.4) / 632,945 (18.8) / 801,751 (16.3)
non-Hispanic White / 49,031,067 (62.6) / 2,018,680 (59.9) / 2,964,200 (60.4)
non-Hispanic Black / 11,901,280 (15.2) / 371,666 (11.0) / 717,375 (14.6)
non-Hispanic American Indian / 901,258 (1.2) / 25,572(0.8) / 34,715 (0.7)
non-Hispanic Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander / 2,878,364 (3.7) / 318,571 (9.5) / 390,055 (7.9)
Table 3 shows the distribution of age categories for the U.S., SEARCH prevalence 2001, and SEARCH incidence 2002-2009 populations.Among all race/ethnic categories,age distributions between the SEARCH populations and the U.S. population were very similar. Age distributions by SEARCH study site are presented in Appendix 1.
Table 3. Distribution of age categories* (in years) for the U.S., SEARCH 2001 prevalence, and SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations by race/ethnic category, based on US Census 2000 data.
Race/ethnic and age group / U.S.,N (%) / SEARCH 2001 Prevalence population
N (%) / SEARCH 2002-2009 Incidence population
N (%)
Hispanic
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19 / 3,668,905 (10.4%)
3,635,490 (10.3%)
3,183,368 (9.0%)
3,099,933 (8.8%) / 245,650 (10.8%)
243,114 (10.7%)
211,181 (9.3%)
210,300 (9.2%) / 267,283 (10.7%)
265,836(10.6%)
231,391(9.2%)
216,001 (8.6%)
non-Hispanic White
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19 / 11,171,457 (5.7%)
12,381,324 (6.4%)
12,921,109 (6.6%)
12,587,477 (6.5%) / 564,712 (5.7%)
623,181 (6.3%)
642,780 (6.5%)
615,216 (6.2%) / 511,817(5.7%)
571,767(6.3%)
596,808(6.6%)
570,658(6.3%)
non-Hispanic Black
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19 / 2,669,811 (7.9%)
3,103,849 (9.2%)
3,058,300 (9.1%)
2,798,391 (8.3%) / 147,579(7.7%)
175,252(9.1%)
179,137(9.3%)
163,143(8.5%) / 79,093(7.7%)
93,263(9.1%)
92,637(9.0%)
84,131(8.2%)
non-Hispanic Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19 / 640,133(6.4%)
668,485(6.6%)
675,238(6.7%)
717,023(7.1%) / 176,707(6.3%)
191,363(6.8%)
196,470(7.0%)
198,330(7.0%) / 179,834(6.2%)
195,269(6.7%)
201,175(6.9%)
203,142(7.0%)
Total
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19 / 19,046,754 (6.8%)
20,608,282 (7.3%)
20,619,199 (7.3%)
19,911,052 (7.1%) / 1,070,116 (6.9%)
1,160,482 (7.4%)
1,147,305 (7.4%)
1,092,193 (7.0%) / 985,963(6.9%)
1,068,473 (7.5%)
1,054,526 (7.4%)
1,005,489 (7.0%)
* Age categories are only shown for those < 20 years, which is why they don’t add up to 100%.
Table 4 shows the distribution of education categories for adults ≥25 years for the U.S., SEARCH prevalence, and SEARCH incidence populations.For theSEARCH prevalence populations, the distribution of education was similar between the SEARCH and U.S. Hispanic population. The distribution was shifted slightly to higher education among non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black adults residing in the SEARCH prevalence populations but the distributions show slightly less educationamong non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations compared to the U.S. population.Combining all race/ethnic groups together, the SEARCH prevalence population has a somewhat greater proportion with more education than the general U.S. population.
Table 4. Distribution of education (for adults ≥25 years) for the U.S. population and the SEARCH 2001 prevalence and SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations, by race/ethnic category, based on US Census 2000 data.
Race/ethnic and education group / U.S. / SEARCH 2001Prevalence population / SEARCH
2002-2009
Incidence population
Hispanic
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 47.6
22.1
19.9
10.4 / 48.3
21.5
20.7
9.5 / 46.7
22.5
21.1
9.7
non-Hispanic White
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 14.5
30.0
28.5
27.0 / 11.7
24.0
31.5
32.7 / 14.2
26.1
30.3
29.5
non-Hispanic Black
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 27.7
29.8
28.2
14.3 / 21.7
27.2
34.1
17.0 / 29.1
30.5
27.7
12.8
non-Hispanic Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 19.6
15.8
20.5
44.1 / 18.6
20.8
24.9
34.5 / 19.1
21.5
24.9
34.5
Total
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 19.6
28.6
27.4
24.4 / 17.7
24.5
30.2
27.6 / 19.0
26.3
29.3
25.5
For the SEARCH incidence surveillance areas, the distribution of education was similar among the SEARCH and U.S. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations. The distribution was shifted slightly to more education among the non-Hispanic White adults in the SEARCH incidence surveillance areas but the distributions show slightly less education among non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations compared to the U.S. population. Combining all race/ethnic groups together, the adults residing in the SEARCH incidence surveillance areas had a very similar distribution of education compared to the adults in the U.S. population. The distributions of education for adults ≥25 years of age by SEARCH study site are presented in appendix 2.
Table 5 shows the distribution of median household and family income for the U.S., SEARCH prevalence, and SEARCH incidence populations. A notable difference between the SEARCH prevalence and the U.S. populationwas a higher income among the SEARCH non-Hispanic White population. Combining all race/ethnic groups together, the SEARCH prevalence population has a markedly higher income than the general U.S. population.
Table 5. Distribution of median household and family income for the U.S. population, SEARCH 2001 prevalence and SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations by race/ethnic category, based on US Census 2000 data.
Race/ethnic group / U.S. / SEARCH2001 Prevalence population / % Difference in SEARCH Prevalence vs. U.S. / SEARCH
2002-2009 Incidence population / % Difference in SEARCH Incidence vs. U.S.
Hispanic
Median Household Income, $
Median Family Income, $ / 33,880
34,484 / 36,656
36,724 / +8
+6 / 35,606
36,075 / +5
+5
non-Hispanic White
Median Household Income, $
Median Family Income, $ / 45,401
55,104 / 51,155
62,286 / +13
+13 / 48,229
58,336 / +6
+6
non-Hispanic Black
Median Household Income, $
Median Family Income, $ / 29,491
33,513 / 31,480
36,678 / +7
+9 / 26,393
30,383 / -11
-9
non-Hispanic Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Median Household Income, $
Median Family Income, $ / 52,586
59,457 / 50,803
55,286 / -3
-7 / 50,276
57,666 / -4
-3
Total
Median Household Income, $
Median Family Income, $ / 42,307
50,056 / 48,831
56,988 / +15
+14 / 44,940
53,160 / +6
+6
For the SEARCH incidence population, incomes were relatively similar within each race/ethnic group with the exception of a lower income among the non-Hispanic SEARCH Black population. Distributions of income (household andfamily) by site for the SEARCH 2001 prevalence and 2002-2009 incidence populations are presented in Appendix 3.
Summary
This analysis used U.S. 2000 Census data to compare the distributions of age, race/ethnicity, education and income for the entire U.S. to the county-based areas under SEARCH surveillance for diabetes in youth aged <20 years at onset. It did not use data from participants in the SEARCH study.
SEARCH 2001 prevalence vs. U.S. populations
Race/Ethnicity: The distributions of Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic American Indians in the SEARCH prevalence populations (denominators)were relatively similar to the corresponding U.S. population data. Notable differences were a smaller proportion of non-Hispanic Blacks and a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders in the SEARCH surveillance areas compared to the U.S. population.
Age: Among all race/ethnic categories, age distributions between the population residing in the SEARCH surveillance areas and the U.S. population were very similar.
Education: The distribution of education in adults was similar among the SEARCH and U.S. Hispanic populations. There was slightly more education in adults among the non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black SEARCH prevalence populations but slightly less education in adults among non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations compared to the U.S. population.
Income: A notable difference between the SEARCH prevalence areas and the U.S. population was a higher income among the SEARCH non-Hispanic White population compared to the U.S. population.
SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence vs. U.S. populations
Race/Ethnicity: The race/ethnic distributions of Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Black populations were relatively similar between the SEARCH incidence and U.S. populations. There was a smaller proportion of non-Hispanic American Indians and a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations among the SEARCH incidence populations than in the U.S. population.
Age: The age distributions of youth between the SEARCH incidence and U.S. populations were similar among all race/ethnic groups.
Education: The distribution of education among adults was similar between the SEARCH and U.S. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations. There was slightly more education among adults in the non-Hispanic White and slightly less education among adults in the non-Hispanic Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations in SEARCH incidence surveillance areas compared to the U.S. population.
Income: Incomes were relatively similar within each race/ethnic group with the exception of a lower income among the SEARCH incidence surveillance areas non-Hispanic Black population compared to the U.S. non-Hispanic Black population.
Conclusion
Based on these results, SEARCH investigators believe that the populations under surveillance are reasonably similar to the entire U.S. population by age group, race/ethnicity, education and income to be useful for making national estimates of the burden (prevalence) and incidence (risk) of diabetes in youth. Estimates using this approach may be found at:(
Appendices
Appendix 1a. Distribution of age groups (%) for the SEARCH 2001 prevalence populations by race/ethnic category and SEARCH study site, based on US Census 2000 data..
SEARCH study siteRace/ethnicity and age (years) category / South Carolina / Ohio / Colorado / California / Washington / Hawaii
Hispanic
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 9.2
8.9
6.6
10.8
64.5 / 7.9
7.8
8.1
6.9
69.3 / 11.4
10.5
9.4
12.2
56.5 / 10.8
11.6
9.8
8.7
59.1 / 6.6
7.5
7.6
7.6
70.7 / 12.6
10.9
9.6
9.6
57.3
White*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 5.6
6.1
6.3
6.7
75.3 / 6.4
6.9
7.1
7.1
72.5 / 5.7
6.3
6.5
6.1
75.4 / 4.9
6.0
6.1
5.6
77.4 / 5.6
6.4
6.7
6.2
75.1 / 4.9
4.8
4.4
4.3
81.6
Black*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 7.5
8.5
8.8
9.6
65.6 / 8.5
9.7
9.6
8.3
63.9 / 7.5
9.1
8.9
7.5
67.0 / 7.3
9.3
9.4
7.5
66.5 / 7.5
9.2
8.9
7.8
66.6 / 8.9
7.9
5.2
6.0
72.0
Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 7.2
5.8
4.6
8.1
74.3 / 6.9
7.3
7.5
7.3
71.0 / 7.4
6.5
6.9
7.0
72.2 / 5.3
6.3
6.6
7.2
74.6 / 6.1
6.5
6.9
7.4
73.1 / 4.0
4.9
5.0
5.3
80.8
Total (all race/ethnic groups)
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 6.5
7.1
7.2
7.9
71.3 / 6.9
7.4
7.5
7.3
70.9 / 7.0
7.2
7.2
6.8
71.8 / 7.7
8.7
8.0
7.3
68.3 / 6.5
7.0
7.1
6.7
72.7 / 6.4
6.9
6.6
6.4
73.7
Data are percents
*non-Hispanic
Appendix 1b. Distribution of age groups (%) for the SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations by race/ethnic category and SEARCH study site, based on US Census 2000 data..
SEARCH study siteRace/ethnicity and age (years) category / South Carolina / Ohio / Colorado / California / Washington / Hawaii
Hispanic
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 10.6
8.2
6.9
9.6
64.7 / 7.9
7.8
8.1
6.9
69.3 / 10.8
10.0
9.0
9.0
61.2 / 10.8
11.6
9.8
8.7
59.1 / 6.6
7.5
7.6
7.6
70.7 / 12.2
11.4
10.1
9.6
56.7
White*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 5.8
6.2
6.4
6.4
75.2 / 6.4
6.9
7.1
7.1
72.5 / 5.7
6.3
6.7
6.5
74.8
/ 4.9
6.0
6.1
5.6
77.4
/ 5.6
6.4
6.7
6.2
75.1
/ 4.4
4.6
4.6
4.4
82.0
Black*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 7.6
8.9
9.4
8.9
65.2 / 8.5
9.7
9.6
8.3
63.9 / 7.5
8.8
8.6
7.6
67.5 / 7.3
9.3
9.4
7.5
66.5 / 7.5
9.2
8.9
7.8
66.6 / 8.9
8.0
5.4
6.0
71.7
Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander*
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 6.8
6.7
6.4
8.0
72.1 / 6.9
7.3
7.5
7.3
71.0 / 7.1
6.3
6.5
7.2
72.9 / 5.3
6.3
6.6
7.2
74.6 / 6.1
6.5
6.9
7.4
73.1 / 4.0
4.9
5.1
5.4
80.6
Total (all race/ethnic groups)
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20+ / 6.6
7.1
7.3
7.3
71.7
/ 6.9
7.4
7.5
7.3
70.9 / 6.9
7.2
7.2
7.1
71.6 / 7.7
8.7
8.0
7.3
68.3
/ 6.5
7.0
7.1
6.7
72.7 / 6.4
7.0
6.9
6.5
73.2
Data are percents
*non-Hispanic
Appendix 2a. Distribution of education for adults ≥25 years for the SEARCH 2001 prevalence populations by race/ethnicity and SEARCH study site, based on US Census 2000 data..
SEARCH study siteRace/ethnicity and education category / South Carolina / Ohio / Colorado / California / Washington / Hawaii
Hispanic
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 30.8
19.6
29.5
20.0 / 26.5
23.4
21.9
28.1 / 43.6
24.9
20.5
11.0 / 56.0
19.1
18.3
6.7 / 30.2
22.5
29.8
17.5 / 15.7
33.9
35.3
15.1
White*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 13.3
25.5
28.8
29.1 / 15.6
31.4
26.0
26.9 / 7.2
21.0
31.3
40.5 / 20.9
21.2
31.7
26.3 / 8.4
23.3
35.0
33.3 / 6.0
19.8
33.8
40.4
Black*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 25.7
29.8
28.1
16.4 / 27.9
30.9
28.3
12.9 / 16.3
25.2
37.0
21.5 / 20.1
24.0
38.7
17.2 / 15.3
24.4
40.8
19.5 / 7.0
24.1
47.9
20.9
Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 17.0
14.0
21.7
47.3 / 9.6
12.8
14.3
63.2 / 18.9
17.6
19.9
43.6 / 17.7
15.0
24.8
42.5 / 19.2
18.0
25.4
37.5 / 19.2
26.6
25.9
28.2
Total (all race/ethnic groups)
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 17.8
26.7
28.5
27.0 / 15.6
31.2
26.0
27.1
/ 45.5
26.3
20.1
8.0
/
7.9
20.3
28.6
23.2
/ 10.6
23.0
34.3
32.1
/ 15.2
27.8
9.2
27.9
*non-Hispanic
Appendix 2b. Distribution of education for adults ≥25 years for the SEARCH 2002-2009 incidence populations by race/ethnicity and SEARCH study site, based on US Census 2000 data..
SEARCH study siteRace/ethnicity and education category / South Carolina / Ohio / Colorado / California / Washington / Hawaii
Hispanic
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 43.6
22.2
20.2
14.1 / 26.5
23.4
21.9
28.1 / 41.9
26.0
21.7
10.4 / 56.0
19.1
18.3
6.7 / 30.2
22.5
29.8
17.5 / 18.5
35.1
33.1
13.3
White*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 18.9
29.2
27.6
24.3 / 15.6
31.4
26.0
26.9 / 7.8
22.7
32.4
37.0 / 20.9
21.2
31.7
26.3 / 11.8
30.1
36.6
21.6 / 6.8
20.9
35.0
37.3
Black*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 35.1
33.1
22.0
9.9 / 27.9
30.9
28.3
12.9 / 15.6
25.9
38.0
20.5 / 20.1
24.0
38.7
17.2 / 15.3
24.4
40.8
19.5 / 7.1
24.8
47.1
21.0
Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander*
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 20.5
18.8
19.9
40.8 / 9.6
12.8
14.3
63.2 / 18.2
18.4
20.6
42.8 / 17.7
15.0
24.8
42.5 / 19.2
18.0
25.4
37.5 / 20.1
27.1
26.2
26.6
Total (all race/ethnic groups)
< High school graduate, %
High school graduate, %
Some college, %
≥ Bachelor’s degree, % / 23.7
30.0
25.9
20.4 / 15.6
31.2
26.0
27.1 / 15.6
25.9
38.0
20.5 / 27.9
20.3
28.6
23.2 / 10.6
23.0
34.3
32.1 / 15.4
28.5
29.9
26.2
*non-Hispanic