Change and Continuity Analysis Chart
Unit: Early Modern (1450-1750) Region (circle one): (Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania)
THEME / Characteristics at the beginning of the period / Key Changes-at least TWO
-give evidence for each / Characteristics at the end of the period / Analysis of changes
Key Continuities
-At least TWO
-give evidence for each / Analysis of continuities
Human-Environ
Interaction
(Demography, disease,
Migration, technology) / Beginnings of exploration and settlement outside of Europe (began with Portugal and Spain), improved ships. / · European colonization: takeover of lands in the Americas.
· New interdependency and interconnectivity with Asian and middle eastern countries: silk road and sea road trade. / Settlement and interaction with colonials in the Americas and Philippines. Conflict and competition with neighbors. / · Became the basis for Globalization. Dependence of Western Hemisphere Natives on Europeans.
· Exchange of culture, religion, technology between Eurasian peoples.
· Conflict and Competition between superpowers: Thirty Years War
· Search for resources to improve their kingdom: exploitation of colonies. / · Wars over territory and economic advantage in Europe.
· Increased aggressiveness in colonies; oppression, persecution.
Culture
(Religions, philosophies,
Science, technology, art,
architecture) / Solid establishment of Christianity, mainly Catholicism. Political power of the church; no separation between church and state. / · Scientific Revolution; search for the how and why the world is.
· Enlightenment; renewal of Greek values: human rights, arts, literature. / Humanism, Renaissance, Reason over faith, Protestant Reformation. / · Decreased emphasis on religion, increased emphasis on reason.
· Emphasis on human rights, led to Revolutions and democracies.
· Separate national identity between countries: many nation states.
· Value of education in universities and monasteries: Descartes. / · Wars over territory and economic advantage, aggressiveness in colonies
· Culture of intellectual betterment, led to innovation and invention (Industrialization)
Politics
(State-building,
conflict, Political structures, Empires,
Revolts and revolution) / Absolutism. Weakened separate kingdoms. Involvement of Church in Politics. Beginnings of popularity of Greek revival (Renaissance). / · Rising popularity of Constitutionalism: Enlightenment
· Separation of Church from politics: Scientific revolution. / Competing nation states, some monarchies, shift toward democracies, competing for colonies especially in the Americas. / · Emphasis on human rights, led to Revolutions and democracies.
· Decreased emphasis on religion, increased emphasis on reason.
· No European unity: many nations.
· Competition for power over colonies: settlement and conquest in Americas. / · Wars over territory and economic advantage in Europe.
· Aggressiveness in colonies; persecution and oppression.
Economics
(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems,
industrialization,
capitalism, socialism) / Beginning to find a place in the Indian Ocean and Silk Roads trade routes. Mostly sustenance production. Mercantilism. / · Rise of the use of slaves: Atlantic slave trade.
· Involvement in international commerce: silk and sea roads. / Capitalism, International trade (Mediterranean Sea), use of resources and labor from colonies. Slave trade. / · Culture of “white is right”; social Darwinism, racism into modern times.
· Exchange of culture, religion, technology between Eurasian peoples.
· Not many of their own resources and goods to contribute to trade.
· Agricultural societies. / · Relied on getting goods and capital to buy goods from colonies and foreign countries. Trade was necessary.
· Large portions of the country devoted to farmland, not cities.
Social
(Gender roles/ relations, family, racial & ethnic constructions,
social and economic classes) / Major wealthy class with a lot of political power. Nobles vs. Commoners. / · Emphasis on human rights: enlightenment.
· Shift social standing derived from birth to standing based on education / Social hierarchy: Nobles and educated elites vs. Commoners.
Rise of new middle class (bourgeoisie).
Family hierarchy: Patriarchal, women procreate and have menial jobs. / · Led to the rise of democracies, eventual revolutions.
· Rise of literacy rates, burgeoning middle class.
· Social class hierarchy.
· Female subordination. / · Huge disparity between rich and poor that’s still not closed.
· Increasing tensions between women and men, led to women’s rights movements.