Name ______Date ______Period ______
Classification of Organisms Homework 1
Directions: Use the word bank below to match the definition to the term.
analogous structures
binomial nomenclature
cladistics
cladogram
convergent evolution
derived characters
phylogeny
taxonomy
______1.science of naming and classifying organisms
______2.two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus
______3.evolutionary history for a group of species; often shown in a phylogenetic tree
______4.when organisms evolve similar traits because they live in similar habitats; ex) sharks and dolphins
(hint: refer to evolution notes)
______5.similarities due to convergent evolutions; butterfly wing and bird wing
______6.Classification based on a common ancestor
______7.Traits that can be used to figure out evolutionary relationships among a group of species are those that are present in one group but not anotherEx) feathers are a derived character for birds, no other group has feathers; hair is a derived character for mammals, no other group has hair
______8.diagram that shows evolutionary relationships based on derived characters
Directions: Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks regarding the rules for binomial nomenclature:
genus
genus
Latin
species
species
The scientific name is the ______and ______given to every organism.
The scientific name is always written in ______(language).
The ______name is always capitalized and italicized or underlined, while the ______name begins with a lowercase letter and is also always italicized or underlined.
Correctly write the scientific name for humans, homo sapiens. ______
Directions: As an analogy, processes that have evolved due to new technologies can be organized using cladistics. Below is a clagogram for methods of transportation. Using the word bank below label the cladogram based on the evolution of transportation:
Airplane
Walking
Motorcycle
Car
Bicycle
- List the derived characteristics used in the cladogram above: ______, ______, ______, ______
- Which mode of transportation maybe considered an “out group” (a group that has none of the characteristics labeled on the cladogram)? ______
Directions: use the word bank below to fill in the blanks below
prokaryotes
domain
domain
genus
kingdom
eukaryotes
species
In a hierarchical system, every grouping decreases / increases the number of organisms included as you go from species to domain. (circle one)
The ______is one specific organism; a group of closely related organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring in nature and when written correctly is in all lowercase letters.
The ______is composed of closely related species and when written correctly the first letter is capitalized.
The ______contains the most diverse group of organisms.
When classifying all organisms on Earth there are six ______and three ______.
Two of the domains contain only ______.
The domain “Eukarya” contains only ______.
Identifying Tree Leaves Using a Dichotomous Key
A dichotomous key is a series of contrasting statements that leads to the identification of individual organisms from a specific set. For the dichotomous key to work you must always begin with step 1. You can’t jump to a random place because “it looks good”.
1. A. leaves needlelike………………..……… go to 2
B. leaves are flat blades………………….go to 4
2. A. needles occurring singly………….….go to 3
B. needles occurring in bunches………white pine (Pinus strobus)
3. A. needles in two planes on stem…….balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
B. needles all around the stem……….. red spruce (Picea rubens)
4. A. leaves compound……………………..…go to 5
B. leaves simple……………………..……….silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
5. A. 5 to 11 leaflets…………………………….white ash (Fraxinus americana)
B. twice compound, numerous leaflets………. coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioica)
- Write the common name for organisms A and E in the blank below each diagram.
- What is the scientific name of organism “B” (written correctly):
- What is the scientific name of organism “E” (written correctly):
- In your answers for 2 and 3, circle the genus.