Aztlan Cup II/BUTT I/AWET I
Packet by Chicago (Seth Teitler, Selene Koo) and Berkeley (Paul Lujan, Juliana Froggatt)
TOSSUPS
1. It saw the conquest of the Xiongnu [SHOWN-noo] by Wudi and ended when Xiandi was forced to abdicate. Zhang Qian was sent west during this dynasty as an envoy along the route that would become the Silk Road. Interrupted by the Xin interregnum, it saw its last emperor yield to Cao Pi [CHOW-pee], the son of the chief minister who became a major figure in the subsequent period. Internal dissension took such forms as Wang Mang's rebellion, after which the eastern period of this dynasty was established with its capital at Luoyang. Founded by Liu Bang, it began to decline after the Yellow Turban rebellion. Followed by the Three Kingdoms period, FTP name this Chinese dynasty lasting from 206 BC to 220 AD, which gave its name to the ethnic Chinese.
Answer: Han dynasty
2. The two main characters take their names from Tristan and Iseult [IHZ-OYLT] in the 1994 John Updike novel named for this country. In a novel by an author from this country, a dead man who worked on a poultice to cure melancholy recounts his postumous memoirs. In Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Angel Clare travels to this country after rejecting Tess. Characters in two novels of another author from this country include Baldo, who leaves his life as a circus boxer and eventually becomes a strike organizer, and Nacib Saad, the owner of a bar in Ilheus [IL-YAY-OOS]. Those characters appear in the novels Jubiabá and Gabriela, Clove, and Cinnamon. FTP, name this country whose authors include Jorge [ZHOR-ZHEY] Amado and Joaquim [ZHO-A-KEEM] Maria Machado de Assis.
Answer: Brazil
3. In a reaction to this work, another author wrote of the Lockean proviso, a rule of acquisition which has a historical shadow that can result in the loss of entitlement. The author of this work advocates an approach differing from the ideal spectator method in requiring unanimous agreement, and in restricting the information available to the negotiators. It also claims that the only tolerable economic inequalities are those which benefit the least well off, an idea known as the difference principle. The lack of a priori knowledge about individual traits is the veil of ignorance, a characteristic of the original position. FTP, name this work which treats the title concept “as fairness,” written by John Rawls.
Answer: A Theory of Justice
4. It can be stained using antibodies against thiamine pyrophosphatase or NADPase. Addition of brefeldin A results in the loss of its identity, and the disassembly of Sec-23/Sec-24 complexes catalyzed by Sar-1 allows vesicles destined for it coated by COP-II to dissolve. The completion of N-linked glycosylation and the addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosomal proteins both occurs here, as explained by Palade and Jamieson. Two models of transport through it are the vesicular transport model and the cisternal maturation model. A receiver of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum through its cis face, FTP identify this cellular organelle consisting of stacks of cisternae and named for an Italian biologist.
Answer: Golgi body or complex or apparatus
5. The protagonist of this opera narrates a dream in the aria “Oft in truben Tagen,” and later sings of her happiness on the balcony of the Kemenate, causing the wife of Friedrich to seek revenge. The king tells his subjects that a nine-year peace with the Hungarians has ended, and Telramund declares that he has renounced the right to marry the main female character in favor of the scheming sorceress Ortrud. In the aria "In fernem Land," the title character reveals his identity to the people of Brabant and his wife Elsa. Ending with the revelation that Ortrud had transformed Elsa's brother into a swan, FTP identify this Wagner opera with a famous bridal chorus.
Answer: Lohengrin
6. This phenomenon is attacked as an attempt to force conformity by limiting the productivity of desire in the first volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Earlier reactions include an Ernest Jones article utilizing it “as An Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery,” and a treatise postulating a phase of separation anxiety prior to the development of this phenomenon. It was said to originate in an act of murder in the primal horde, and the superego was said to originate in the struggle associated with it. First discussed in The Interpretation of Dreams as an example of wish-fulfillment taken from Sophocles, FTP name this phase of Freudian psychosexual development in which young boys feel sexually attracted to their mothers.
Answer: Oedipus or Oedipal complex or stage or conflict
7. His future wife and her mother Blanche of Artois sought refuge in his father’s court in the same year that his father married his second wife, Marie de Brabant. His vassal Guy de Dampierre betrayed him during a conflict with England, and a later uprising in Guy’s lands led to a defeat of this king’s forces at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. A crusade to Tunisia saw the deaths of his mother and grandfather, Isabella of Aragon and Louis IX. On October 13, 1307, he arrested all of the Knights Templar in France and had the order disbanded using his influence on Pope Clement V. FTP, name this Capetian king whose reign saw the papal curia move to Avignon.
Answer: Philip IV the Fair or le Bel
8. The title character spoiled the Sixth Sense for his ex-girlfriend, and some of the characters central to the ambition of the title character are Natalie, Professor Alex Meyers, Donnie Jones, and Kenny James. The fact that the title character punched a kid at Frostburg State University and his brother took a bus to Hagerstown suggest that it is set in Maryland, but the only exact geographic location is the fictitious Camden County. Giovanni Ribisi’s character Ralph, a former cohort of the main character, has recurred in several episodes, and a frequent meeting place is the Crab Shack, the place of Darnell’s employ. Watching Carson Daly while in a hospital bed inspires the title character’s change in attitude and a quest which Catalina, a hotel maid, and Randy, the title character’s brother, abet. FTP, name this NBC sitcom featuring a Fu Manchu-sporting title character surnamed Hickey attempting to right his wrongs, starring Jason Lee.
ANSWER: My Name Is Earl
9. Polyalkylbenzenes undergo rearrangement when reacted with this substance in the Jacobsen reaction. A mixture with nitric acid produces nitronium ion, which is useful in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Commercially it may be synthesized with the aid of nitrogen dioxide or vanadium oxide as catalyst. It can react with rock phosphate to make superphosphate, and can react with benzene when heated and "fuming." Industrially synthesized by either the contact process or lead-chamber process, FTP identify this diprotic strong acid found in lead-acid batteries.
Answer: sulfuric acid or H2SO4
10. The speaker wants to “wear / Such deliberate disguises / Rat’s coat, crowskin, crossed staves / In a field.” The setting is a “beach of the tumid river” in a place where “the stone images / Are raised.” The fifth section intersperses the line, “Life is very long” from Conrad’s novel “An Outcast of the Islands” and fragments of the Lord’s Prayer with mentions of an entity which interposes itself “Between the motion and the act.” A second Conrad novel supplies one of the two epigraphs, the other one being “A penny for the Old Guy.” The world ends with a whimper in, FTP this poem about “shapes without form” circling the prickly pear, written by T. S. Eliot.
Answer: “The Hollow Men”
11. The god Sobek invented the fish trap in order to catch this god’s severed hands. Hippopotami were cut up at Edfu in honor of this god, recalling his participation in a breath-holding contest. His sons were known as the Amenti, and presided over the canopic jars. A near-fatal snakebite and the ripping out of his eyes were two incidents provoked by the malice of his uncle. That uncle, the husband of this god’s aunt Nephthys, used a specially-crafted chest to murder this god’s father. FTP, name this god who fought against his uncle Set to avenge the murder of his father Osiris.
Answer: Horus
12. The outer panels of this triptych show a dog harassing an elderly wayfarer on the Path of Life. The interior progresses from the Creation and Fall of Man on the left wing to the center, which shows a procession led by demons heading into Hell on the right wing. A later painting of this name used a drawing by John Dunthorne as a model for the title object. The central panel of the triptych shows a group of nuns stuffing a bag with the title commodity and a group of princes following the title conveyance. Willy Lott’s cottage appears in the later painting, which shows the title object crossing a stream of the Stour River. FTP, give the shared name of a Bosch triptych and a Constable painting, both of which feature a harvest wagon.
Answer: The Hay Wain
13. In a similarly-titled 1984 update of this work, Jane Jacobs argued for a focus on cities as the relevant units. This work claims that “A person who can acquire no property, can have no other interest but to eat as much, and to labour as little as possible,” as an argument for abandoning slavery. Its author began writing it while serving as tutor to the son-in-law of Charles Townshend, who was impressed by a previous work emphasizing the human capacity for sympathy with other people’s circumstances, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Noted for arguing that self-interested individuals tend to act towards the general good of the market as though “led by an invisible hand,” FTP name this treatise written by Adam Smith.
Answer: Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
14. Characters in this work include a fourteen year old girl who enjoys looking at the pictures in “Harrison’s History of London,” a book left behind by an old sea captain who was known as the Flying Dutchman. One of the girl’s neighbors, a theology student who believes he is demonically possesed, sometimes reads with her to help spare her failing eyesight. The news that the owner of the Hoidal mines is going blind and a letter delivered by Mrs. Sorby detailing a generous bequest to the girl raise suspicions that Hedvig may be the daughter of Hakon Werle, not Hialmar Ekdal. FTP, name this Ibsen play in which Hedvig shoots herself rather than sacrifice the titular waterfowl.
Answer: The Wild Duck
15. The first Kashubian Congress was held in 1946 in Wejhorowo [VAY-HO-RO-VO], a part of the metropolitan area of this city, which contains the largest church devoted to Our Lady of Ostra Brama, the St. Mary's Cathedral. At the mouth of the Motlawa [MOAT-WAH-VAH], it has a famous Golden Gate and the Neptune Fountain, and with Sopot and another city, it forms the Trojmiasto [TROY-ME-AH-STO]. A free city after World War I, its stocznia [STOCH-NEE-YUH] or shipyard was where the trade organization Solidarity was founded in 1980. FTP, name this large port city in Poland formerly known as Danzig.
Answer: Gdansk (accept Danzig until mentioned)
16. It failed to nominate William Graham and the man who authorized military intervention in the Regulator-Moderator War at its first convention, instead selecting a former Congressman who preceded James K. Polk as Speaker of the House on the second ballot. Calling for "the enforcement of the laws," this party derisively called the "Old Gentleman's" or "Do Nothing" party only won the states of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee with a ticket that included the orator whose speech preceded Lincoln's at Gettysburg. Consisting of remnants of the Whig and Know-Nothing parties, FTP identify this short-lived political party established by a committee led by Crittenden, that won the smallest percentage of the popular vote in the election of 1860 with its ticket of Edward Everett and John Bell.
Answer: Constitutional Union Party
17. It is the title of a Stanley Donen follow-up to Charade starring Sophia Loren and the much-too-old Gregory Peck. It also names a C major work for piano by Robert Schumann and two works for piano written in the keys of E major and G major by Claude Debussy. As its plural, it gives its name to a collection of short stories, including one whose title character Poprishchin thinks he is King Frederick VIII of Spain. In addition to a collection including "Nevsky Prospekt" and "Diary of a Madman" by Gogol, this word is paired with "grotesque" in a collection of short stories that includes "The Man that was Used Up" and "The Fall of the House of Usher" by Edgar Allan Poe. FTP, identify the common word that also names a ballet position in which the dancer balances on one leg with the other leg pointed straight back.
Answer: arabesque
18. He lends his name to a bilinear map, some of whose singularities give rise to conserved quantities known as Casimirs. He gives his name to a quantity given by the first Lamé constant over 2 times the sum of the Lamé constants, and to a phenomenon he showed was predicted by Fresnel’s wave theory of light. His namesake equation is an inhomogeneous generalization of Laplace’s equation. A kurtosis of one over the mean and variance equal to the mean characteristize his namesake distribution. FTP, name this Frenchman whose namesake distribution gives the probability of a certain number of successes in a fixed time period for a given rate of success.
Answer: Siméon-Denis Poisson
19. Once, rather than shaving, he tore his hair out by the roots. Fragrant Mandara flowers, the ocean of milk, and a fire fed by sacrificial butter were the subjects of three of the sixteen dreams portending his birth. He was born to two followers of Lord Parshva after being transferred from Devananda’s womb to Trisala’s womb. Some believe he was given a white robe by Indra after casting off his clothes. This occurred after he fasted for two and a half days under an Asoka tree, obtaining enlightenment. He shared his knowledge by preaching for seven days before dying, stressing the absolute prohibition on killing. FTP, name this twenty-fourth tirthankara, the last great teacher of Jainism.