Directions: Answer the following questions based on the accompanying models. Protons are shown in Gray, neutrons are shown in white, and electrons are shown in black. Answer questions 1-6 based on Figure 1.

  1. How many protons are shown? ______
  2. In the periodic table, elements are ordered by atomic number, the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus. Using the periodic table in your textbook, identify the element shown.
  1. How many electrons are shown? ______
  2. How many electrons are in the outermost energy level? ______
  3. If the number of electrons equals the number of protons, then there is no charge, and the models shown a neutral atom. If the numbers are not equal, then you will have an ion. Use this reasoning to determine the Figure 1 shows an ion or neutral atom.

Number of Protons / ______
Number of Electrons / ______
Charge on Model / ______
  1. To determine a particles charge, you must compare the number of protons with the number of electrons. Use the space to the right to subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons. (Remember, if the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons, the charge will be negative.)

Directions: Answer question 7-11 based on Fig. 2.

  1. How many protons are shown?
  2. What element is it? ______
  3. How many electrons are shown? ______
  4. How many electrons are in the outermost energy level?
  1. Is this an ion? If it is, calculate and record the charge.

Directions: Use your knowledge of science to answer the questions below.

  1. In order to make the overall charge of an atom zero, there must be an equal number of negatively charged ______and positively charged ______
  2. Valence electrons are the electrons in an atom’s innermost energy level. True or False
  3. How many valence electrons do the following have: Oxygen _____; Sodium ______; Chlorine ______
  4. Which electron determines whether or not an atom will form bonds?
  5. The electrons in the nucleus
  6. The electrons in the innermost energy level
  7. The electron in the outermost energy level
  8. None of the above.
  9. An atom will not normally form a chemical bond if it has ____ valence electrons.
  10. Which of the following does not describe how atoms can fill their outermost energy level?
  11. By sharing electron with other atoms
  12. By losing electrons to other atoms
  13. By gaining electrons from other atoms
  14. By gaining kinetic energy from other atoms.
  15. Two types of chemical bonds are ______and ______
  16. Describe how tow atoms can become ions: ______
  17. An atom that loses one ore more elation from its outermost energy level become a positively charge ion. True or False.
  18. Which of the following elements five up electrons to their atoms?
  19. Sodiumc. Chlorine
  20. Aluminumd. Oxygen