Our English Heritage, Chapter 2.1

Essential Idea:

  1. The ______was a cultural movement in England in the 1600s. This movement believed that ______and ______could make society better.
  2. When people came to America, they brought new ideas about ______, ______, and human ______.

The Magna Carta

  1. For centuries, England was ruled by an ______.
  2. In 1215, people ______against King ______.
  3. The people forced King John to sign the ______, which was a document that granted certain ______to the people and limiting the ______of the ______.

Parliament

  1. In the late 1300s, England had a ______, which is a ______-making body. This was called ______.
  2. The Parliament gained so much power that in 1688 they ______the monarch (King James II) and replaced him with King William and Queen Mary.
  3. Parliament then created a ______in 1689. This restricted the power of the ______and listed people’s ______.
  4. America copied England’s idea that the ______were more powerful than the ______.

Philosophers of the Enlightenment

  1. ______-
  2. Locke believed that people had ______rights, such as ______, ______, and ______. He also believed that no ______had a right to take these rights away.
  3. Locke also believed in a ______, which meant that people give up a part of their ______in exchange for ______from the government.
  1. ______-
  2. Montesquieu believed that there should be ______branches of government that ______each other. This way, no part of government could become too ______.
  1. Today, we can see the ideas of Locke and Montesquieu in the ______and the ______.

How did the Enlightenment translate to America?

The House of Burgesses

  1. In the 1600s and 1700s, England began establishing ______in America. A ______is a group of people in one place that is ruled by a government located ______.
  2. In 1607, the first English settlement was made in ______. The town was called ______.
  3. In 1619, the colonists in Jamestown formed the ______. This was the ______legislature in the English colonies! However, it had ______power.
  4. This marked the beginning of ______- government in America.

The Mayflower Compact

  1. In 1620, the “______” settled in what is now called ______.
  2. They came over on a boat called the ______.
  3. On they way, while still on the boat, they wrote a plan of ______, and called it the ______.
  4. The Mayflower Compact established a ______democracy. This meant that colonists would have ______and vote on issues. Only ______that owned ______could vote.

Eventually, there were ______colonies in America. Each colony had a ______and a ______. Members of the legislatures were elected by the ______. As the colonies grew, colonists got used to making their own ______.