Cell Membrane and Transport Unit Cover Page
(see guidelines on page 27)
Cell Membrane and Transport Unit Front Page
At the end of this unit I will:
Be able to classify the categories of organic compounds
Identify the difference between organic and inorganic compounds, and the elements essential to life.
Describe how organic compounds are separated and formed.
Define lipids and explain the functions of three lipid polymers.
Identify the monomers that build each of the lipid polymers.
Explain, draw, and label the structure and function of the plasma membrane.
Describe the similarities and differences between the active and passive transport systems of membranes and classify the various types of transport.
Know the function of different types of membrane proteins.
Explain tonicity and how it affects the movement of water in osmosis.
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes I will understand are:
Biochemistry: carbo-, hydro-, mono-, poly-, -synthesis
Lipids and Phospholipids: phospho-, tri-, -philia, -phobia, -glycerine
Cell Membrane and Transport: permeo-, iso-, hyper-, hypo-, endo-, exo-, -lysis, -tonic
The terms I can clearly define are:
Biochemistry: Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic acid, Lipid, Dehydration synthesis, Polymerization, Hydrolysis, Organic Compounds, Inorganic Compounds, Monomers, Polymers
Lipids and Phospholipids: Phospholipid, Triglyceride, Sterol, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic
Cell Membrane and Transport: Selective Permeability, Fluid-Mosaic Model, Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Passive Transport, Active Transport, Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, Protein Pump, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Concentration Gradient, Plasmolysis, Marker Proteins, Channel Proteins
The assignments I will have completed by the end of this unit are:
Biochemistry, Lipids, and Phospholipids notes (pages 154 - 157)
Checking for Understanding Lipids/Phospholipids (pages 158 - 159)
Cell Membrane & Transport Notes (pages 160 - 163)
Crossing the Membrane (page 170)
Different Types of Solutions (page 168)
Real Life Application of Cell Transport (page 174)
Egg Osmosis Demo (pages 172 - 173)
Plasmolysis Lab (pages 175 - 177)
Cell Membrane Study Guide (pages 178 – 181)
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates / Nucleic Acids
Polymerization
:
A bond is formed and a water molecule is lost (removal of a water molecule to form a new bond).
:
A bond is broken when a water molecule is added.
Introduction to Biochemistry Notes
What is biochemistry?What elements are essential to life?
What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry? / Organic compounds contain high numbers of ______bonded to
______.
Organic compounds are usually biological in origin, while inorganic compounds are minerals, salts, or metals.
Why is carbon considered the “element of life”? / A carbon atom can create short, strong, and stable bonds with ______other atoms.
This allows carbon to form chains, rings, branches, and isomers.
What are the four categories of organic compounds? / 1. C
2. L
3. P
4. N
How are organic compounds formed and separated? / Organic compounds are formed and separated in similar ways
1. Formation (Polymerization):______
2. Separation: ______
What is polymerization? / The forming of large organic ______by the joining of smaller repeating subunits called ______.
Lipids & Phospholipids Notes
Lipids & Phospholipids Notes
What is a lipid? / A lipid is any molecule that DOES ______mix with water.They are ______(hydrophobic)
What are the functions of lipids? / Lipids function in:
– ______(E) storage
– and as chemical messengers
ex. ______
– forming ______
What elements are they made of? / Made up mostly of C______and H______(with a few O______)
Name the three polymers of lipids and their monomer composition. / 1. Fats (Triglycerides)
· Monomers: ______+ 3 ______
· Fatty acids w/no double bonds = ______(solid)
· Fatty acids w/ double bonds = ______(liquid)
· Double bonds cause the fatty acid tails to bend and the lipids take up more space.
2. Sterols
· Lipid whose carbon skeleton consists of four fused rings.
· Includes: ______, ______, ______
· Make up cell membranes.
3. Phospholipids
· Monomers: ______w/ ______Head + ____Fatty Acid Chains
What are some characteristics of phospholipids? / o ______“both lover”
§ hydro______phosphate head
§ hydro ______tail
o forms ____ layers in water
o makes up ______
Checking for Understanding: Lipids
1. Looking at the structure of the ______-glyceride above, do you think this lipid is a large or a small organic compound?______
2. According to the structure above and what we have discussed about bonds, what do you think is one of the major functions of lipids in living systems? ______
3. Without gaining or losing any atoms, how could you make this structure take up more space?
4. Draw what you think that structure would look like below.
Checking for Understanding: Phospholipids
Follow your teacher’s instructions to draw a “flirtatious” phospholipid and water droplet in the space below.
1. Which part “likes” water?
2. What is the term for “water-loving”?
3. Which part doesn’t like water?
4. What is the term for “water-hating?”
- How would a group of phospholipids arrange themselves if placed in water? Draw this type of arrangement below.
Cell Membrane & Transport Notes
Cell Membrane & Transport Notes
Aside from phospholipids, what else can be found in the plasma membrane?Define selectively permeable.
What types of cells have a cell membrane? / ______cells have a cell membrane, including
______
Why is the cell membrane referred to as the “fluid mosaic model”? / The phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are fairly
______. They do not stick to the neighboring phospholipids, which gives the membrane a fluid-like appearance.
Based on membrane properties, what can and can not pass through the membrane? / CAN PASS THROUGH
·
·
·
CAN NOT PASS THROUGH
·
·
·
What are the three types of solutions?
What is an isotonic solution? / • [Water] inside cell = [Water] outside cell
• Cell is at ______
– Molecules are equally distributed in the end.
• The amount of water entering the cell = the amount of water leaving the cell
What is a hypotonic solution? / • A solution that has______water, and ______solute
• The cell can lyse or burst if left in a ______solution
What is a hypertonic solution? / • A solution that has ______water and ______solute
• The cell will ______
Choose the best answer: What direction does water flow? / a) Water doesn’t flow at all.
b) Water flows from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c) Water flows from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Active vs. Passive Transport
Use the terms below to fill in the blanks:
Active Transport Passive Transport Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion ATP (Cell Energy)
Cell Membrane & Transport Notes
Fill in the T-chart to contrast passive and active transport /Passive Transport Active Transport
What are the 3 types of passive transport? Define them. / ·
·
·
What are 3 examples of active transport? / ·
·
·
What is a protein pump? / Protein pumps use ______to pull or pump materials into or out of the cell to ______or ______substances the cell needs.
What is endocytosis? / Endocytosis occurs when a particle is ______into the cell.
What are the 2 types of endocytosis and explain the difference / 1.
2.
What is exocytosis? / Exocytosis occurs when a ______carrying a substance fuses with the ______and releases the substance out of the cell.
Different Types of Cell Membrane Proteins
1. What are the four general types of proteins found anchored in the cell membrane?
______,______, ______and ______
2. The ______protein identifies the cell type and to whom the cell belongs.
3. ______found in cell membranes help speed up the rate of reactions. For instance, converting one substance into another.
4. The ______protein receives information from outside the cell and passes it into the cell.
5. The ______protein is a passageway through the cell membrane.
Checking for Understanding: Types of Solutions
Use your notes to label each of the types of solutions in which the cells are submerged in below.
A. ______B. C.
This is a type of passive transport, but since it specifically is focused on the transport of water, what type of passive transport is this?
WANTED!
The Cell Membrane
(a.k.a., “The Plasma Membrane,”
“Selectively Permeable Membrane”
“Semipermeable Membrane,”
“Phospholipid Bilayer” and
“Fluid Mosaic Model”)
Wanted for aiding and abetting certain molecules across the membrane. For this, the cell membrane has earned its alias, “’Selectively ‘ or ‘Semi’ permeable Membrane.” Only certain molecules are allowed across the membrane, while others are not.
Height: Between 3 and 10 nanometers. If you are on the lookout, be warned: You will need an electron microscope to see the membrane.
Known Accomplices: The cell membrane was last seen surrounding every living cell. It is known to surround bacterial cells, as well as plant and animal cells. In addition to making up the outer membranes of cells, phospholipids surround every membrane-bound organelle.
Identifying Features: The cell membrane primarily consists of Phospholipids, always arranged so that the hydrophobic (water-“fearing”) tails of the phospholipid face another tail from another phospholipid. The phospholipids are fairly slippery, and do not stick to neighboring phospholipids. This property gives a “plasma-like” or “fluid” appearance to the membrane. Embedded within the membrane (which is mostly made up of phospholipids) are cholesterols (making the membrane less fluid) and large proteins that help with many different functions. Carbohydrate side chains are also often found on the outer surface of the membrane.
Cell Membrane Reading Comprehension
Read the “Wanted” column on the previous page to answer the questions below.
How did the cell membrane earn each of the following aliases?
1. Plasma membrane:
2. Selectively permeable membrane:
3. Semipermeable membrane:
4. Phospholipid bilayer:
5. Fluid mosaic model:
Use the features listed below to identify the structures that are found in cell membranes:
A. Phospholipid
B. Carbohydrate side-chain
C. Glycoprotein
D. Membrane Protein
E. Inside of Cell
F. Outside of Cell
G. Hydrophobic Region
H. Hydrophilic Region
Different Types of Solutions
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Whenever the concentration of a dissolved substance is higher on one side of a membrane than on the other, there is a concentration gradient. Movement of water across the membrane depends on this concentration gradient. In osmosis water flows into and out of a cell until the concentration of water molecules is equal on each side of the cell membrane. At this point the flow of molecules into and out of the cell is in a state of equilibrium.
In an isotonic solution the concentration of solute outside the cell is the same as that inside the cell. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the rate of diffusion of water into the cell is exactly the same as the rate of diffusion of water out of the cell.
In a hypotonic solution the concentration of solute outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell up because water moves from the solution into the cell until the solutions inside and outside the cell are equal in concentration.
In a hypertonic solution the concentration of the solute outside the cell is greater than that inside the cell. Cells placed in a hypertonic solution shrivel up and lose their shape because more water flows out of the cells than into them.
The diagrams below represent the three types of solutions: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.
1. Indicate which type of solution is shown in each of the three diagrams above.
A. ______B. ______C. ______
2. Which diagram, A, B, or C, shows no concentration gradient? ______
3. Which diagram, A, B, or C, represents a situation in which the cell will decrease in size and lose its shape? ______
4. In each of the diagrams, use an arrow to indicate if there is a net flow of water into or out of the cell.
Warm Up:
The image on the right follows the path of particles as they enter and leave the cell. Describe the image using the vocabulary words:
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Plasma membrane
Vesicle
Crossing the Membrane
What types of substances are “permitted” across the semi-permeable membrane?
Use the image below the table to help fill in this table. Check your answers with your teacher’s.
Solubility?
Size?
Charge?
Membrane Proteins
The cell needs substances that cannot pass through the membrane. How does a cell get these substances across a membrane?
1. What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Write the correct number next to the term that corresponds to the numbered images:
______concentration gradient ______carrier protein
______transported molecule ______channel protein
______lipid bilayer ______simple diffusion
______active transport ______passive transport
2. Based on the chart you made on page 132 what types of molecules need to pass through these membrane proteins because they cannot pass through the membrane?
Egg-Osmosis Demo
ABSTRACT:
In this demonstration, you will observe osmosis, the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Sketch the set-up that your teacher demonstrates. After a minimum of 24 hours, sketch the results of the experiment, then reflect on why this happened by answering the follow up questions.