Study Guide: Big Business, Urbanization, and Immigration

Key Terms:

Edwin DrakeStandard OilCollective Bargaining

InjunctionBlacklistJacob Riis

U.S. SteelArbitrationJohn D. Rockefeller

Ellis IslandGeorge WestinghouseYellow-dog ContractGospel of Wealth Closed Shop Cornelius VanderbiltSettlement houses Horatio Alger Sherman Anti-trust Act Jane Addams Social Darwinism The Great Strike (1877) Dumbbell tenements Trust Pullman Strike Chinese Exclusion Act Monopoly Homestead StrikeGilded Age Pendleton Act Political Machine Alexander Graham Bell Vertical Consolidation Andrew Carnegie Thomas Edison Horizontal Consolidation Boss Tweed Tammany Hall Scabs JP Morgan Thomas Nast Lockout Mugwumps Craft Unions Credit Mobilier Scandal U.S. v. E.C. KnightTrade Unions Graft Mediation “New” immigrants “Old” immigrants Whiskey RingHaymarket Riot Populism AFL Secret Ballot Knights of Labor Negotiation Urbanization Samuel Gompers Initiative Nativism Eugene Debs Referendum Melting pot Strike Recall Bessemer Process

Flashcards to Make:

  1. What was the Second Industrial Revolution?
  2. Who was Edwin L. Drake and what impact did he have on Big Business?
  3. Who was known as the “Wizard of Menlo Park”?
  4. What were Thomas Edison’s, Lewis Latimer’s, and George Westinghouse’s individual contributions to electricity?
  5. Who patented the telegraph?
  6. Who patented the telephone?
  7. When and where was the transcontinental railroad completed?
  8. What did railroads bring to industry?
  9. What was the Bessemer Process and what did it make possible? What could not have been written without it?
  10. What were robber barons and captains of industry?
  11. Why could Andrew Carnegie be considered both a robber baron and a captain of industry?
  12. Why could John D. Rockefeller be considered both a robber baron and a captain of industry?
  13. How could a monopoly occur? (3 ways)
  14. What was horizontal consolidation? Who practiced it?
  15. What was vertical consolidation? Who practiced it?
  16. What were some ways in which employers exploited workers?
  17. What was the first powerful labor union? Who was its founder?
  18. What was allowed in the Knights of Labor that was not allowed in the American Federation of Labor? (3 groups)
  19. What led to the decline of the Knights of Labor?
  20. What role did Pinkertons and scabs play in labor disputes?
  21. What were the methods used by workers to get what they wanted from employers?
  22. What were the methods used by employers to get what they wanted from workers?
  23. What was the outcome of the Railroad Strike of 1877, the Homestead Steel Strike and the Pullman Strike?
  24. Why was the Pullman Strike significant? (what happened here for the first time)
  25. How was the IWW different from the other labor unions?
  26. What was the Social Darwinist theory? Who believed in it?
  27. What was the Gospel of Wealth? Who believed in it?
  28. Why was the Anthracite Coal Strike significant? (what happened here for the first time)
  29. What industries were Vanderbilt, Morgan, Rockefeller, and Carnegie each known for?
  30. What were yellow-dog contracts?
  31. What 2 American presidents were assassinated during this time period?
  32. What is collective bargaining?
  33. What caused the Industrial Revolution?
  34. What were three effects of the growth of cities?
  35. How was transportation changing in the cities?
  36. How was the spoils system ended?
  37. What were 3 ways the railroads were being corrupt?
  38. What eventually ends railroad corruption?
  39. What was the decision in Munn v. Illinois and Wabash v. Illinois? What effect ddi they have on big business?
  40. What is a political machine?
  41. How did political machines work?
  42. Who was the most notorious political machine? What was he in charge of? How did he make his money?
  43. Who exposed the wrongdoing of Boss Tweed?
  44. What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal? Whose presidency was affected?
  45. Who were the mugwumps?
  46. What was the Gilded Age? Who gave it its nickname?
  47. What is Henry Ford known for?
  48. What is Christopher Sholes known for?
  49. What were the Wright brothers known for?
  50. What did the cases of U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co and Northern Securities v. U.S. decide in regards to big business? Which one allowed corruption to continue and which worked to stop it?
  51. What was the Great Migration referring to immigration?
  52. What was the difference between “Old Immigrants” and “New Immigrants”?
  53. What were the push factors bringing immigrants to America? What were the pull factors?
  54. What religious group in Europe was facing the most religious persecution? What was a pogrom?
  55. What was one of the first sites that immigrants would see coming into New York harbor?
  56. What did Emma Lazarus write that referred to immigration? What did she call the Statue of Liberty?
  57. What was often the most traumatic part of the immigration process for immigrants?
  58. What did most immigrants from 1892 until the 1920’s enter America? What about on the West Coast?
  59. What were ethnic enclaves? Why did people move there? What did that lead to?
  60. Describe living conditions in a tenement. What was a dumbbell tenement?
  61. What was nativism?
  62. What was the first immigrant group to have restrictions put on them? What was that restriction?
  63. What job is most closely tied to Chinese immigrants?
  64. Why were the Japanese less discriminated against than the Chinese by labor unions?
  65. What ways did the Japanese face discrimination in California (there are 2)?
  66. What was the Gentleman’s Agreement?
  67. What was the Newlands National Reclamation Act? What immigrant group did it lure to America?
  68. What factors brought Mexicans into America?
  69. What was the only group not limited in the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921?
  70. Why is America called a “melting pot”?