Early History Guided Review

(Complete during presentation and fill in any missing information on your own)

Identify each of the following:

  1. George Washington-First President of the United States that led forces during the war for independence, President of the Constitutional Convention
  1. The French and Indian War –the common U.S. name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. The British and Colonists won.
  1. Motives of Spanish Explorers-the spread of Christianity, to gain wealth, to win fame …gold, God and glory
  1. Jamestown-the first successful English settlement in Virginia, nearly failed due to starvation
  1. Seneca Falls Convention – The first women’s rights convention in U.S. history, held in 1848 – first time that women official requested the right to vote
  1. The Indian Removal Act- 1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River…resulting in the Trail of Tears
  1. Eli Whitney-The inventor who developed the Cotton Gin in 1793, led to the increase in slavery in the south
  1. Francis Scott Key-Writer of the Star Spangled Banner during the War of 1812 in Baltimore
  1. Louisiana Purchase-Purchase by the U.S. of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, doubled the size of the U.S….today 1/3 of the U.S.
  1. Federalist-Supporters of the Constitution during the debate over ratification
  1. Federalist Papers-a series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution.
  1. Thomas Jefferson-Third President of the U.S. and the main author of the Declaration of Independence.
  1. Declaration on Independence-Statement issued by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 explaining reasons the colonies were seeking independence from Great Britain, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson
  1. Articles of Confederation-Plan of government under which the U.S. operated from 1781 until its replacement by the Constitution in 1789.
  1. Shay’s Rebellion-An uprising against taxes in Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787 which demonstrated the need for a stronger federal government
  1. James Madison-The “father of the Constitution”, 4th President of the U.S.
  1. Common Sense-Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine and published in January 1776 calling for American independence from Britain
  1. The Bill of Rights-The first ten amendments to the Constitution
  1. The War of 1812-War between the U.S. and Great Britain that resulted in the boundaries between the countries being restored to their original positions.
  1. The Monroe Doctrine-Declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that the U.S. would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere
  1. The Oregon Trail-Trail linking Independence, Missouri, and Oregon, used by many pioneers during the 1840s.
  1. Manifest Destiny-Argument that the U.S. was destined by God to expand across North America from sea to sea
  1. The Mexican War-Conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, ending in a U.S. victory
  1. Sam Houston-Leader of Texas troops in war for independence from Mexico in 1836
  1. Santa Anna-Mexican dictator who led the government and troops in war against Texas and won the Battle of the Alamo
  1. Adams-Onis Treaty-1819 treaty between the United States and Spain in which Spain ceded Florida to the U.S
  1. Gadsden Purchase-1853 purchase by the U.S. of southwestern lands from Mexico, extend the railroad to the Pacific Ocean
  1. The Alien and Sedition Act-Laws passed by Congress in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government.
  1. The Kansas-Nebraska Act-1854 law that called on citizens in each territory to decide the issue of slavery there, led to bleeding Kansas
  1. The Compromise of 1850-Agreement designed to ease tensions over the expansion of slavery into western territories…California is a admitted as a free state but other territory from Mexico voters would decide the slavery issue
  1. abolitionist movement-The movement to end slavery
  1. Bacon’s Rebellion- Revolt in 1676 by Virginia colonists against the royal governor, related to the Native American situation
  1. Fort Sumter, SC-The Civil War began here in April 1861
  1. Carpetbaggers-An insulting nickname for a Northern Republican who moved to the South after the Civil War…to capitalize on the southern situation
  1. Jefferson Davis-President of the Confederate States of America
  1. Nat Turner-African American preacher who led a slave revolt in 1831 killing 57 whites
  1. Harriet Beecher Stowe-Author of the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin which contributed to anti-southern feelings among Northerners before the Civil War
  1. Abraham Lincoln-16thPresident of the United States and during the Civil War
  1. Ulysses S. Grant-Commander of the U.S. forces during the Civil War and 18th President
  1. Robert E. Lee-Commander of the Confederate forces during the Civil War
  1. William Tecumseh Sherman-Union general during the Civil War known for his destructive march from Atlanta to Savannah
  1. Emancipation Proclamation-Presidential decree of 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate-held territory or the area in rebellion
  1. John Wilkes Booth-Southern sympathizer that assassinated President Lincoln in Ford’s Theatre in 1865
  1. The Thirteenth Amendment-Constitutional amendment of 1865 that abolished slavery
  1. The Fifteenth Amendment-Constitutional amendment in 1870 that guaranteed African Americans voting rights
  1. Reconstruction-The federal government’s effort between 1865 and 1877 to repair the damage to the South caused by the Civil War and to restore southern states to the Union
  1. black codes-Laws passed by the South after the Civil War to restrict freedman’s rights…curfews, labor contracts, denial of vote
  1. Congressional Reconstruction-plan to reconstruct the south after the Civil War. It divided the south into 5 districts under military rule. Wade Davis Act in 1864 proposed putting the south under military rule.
  1. Appomattox Courthouse-The Civil War ended here. Lee surrender to Grant.
  1. Andrew Johnson-The first U.S. president to face impeachment charges… 17th President
  1. Fredrick Douglas-African American abolitionist that served as an advisor to President Lincoln…former slave