Chemistry of Industrial Materials

CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

To know the different types of coal, their analysis and gaseous fuels.

To have a basic understanding about terms related to phase rule and its applications to various systems. To understand the requirements, classification of explosives and propellants used in aerospace industries.

To provide an idea about lubrication mechanisms, properties and to learn the science of composites and abrasives.

UNIT 1FUELS

Fuels: Introduction - Classification of fuels - Characteristics of a fuel - Determination of calorific value of a fuel by Bomb calorimeter. Coal: Classification of coals based on energy content. Chemistry and analysis of coal: Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. Manufacture of metallurgical coke: Otto-Hoffmann’s method. Cracking: Fluidized bed catalytic cracking. Knocking in compression ignition and spark ignition engines. Gaseous fuels: CNG -

LPG - Producer gas. Ethanol as a fuel.

UNIT 2PHASE EQUILIBRIA.

Introduction: Definition of phase rule - Terms involved in phase rule with examples. One component system: Water system. Two component alloy systems: Classification - Reduced phase rule - Thermal analysis. Simple eutectic system: Lead-silver system. Congruent system: Zinc-magnesium system. Incongruent system: Sodium-potassium system.

UNIT 3 / EXPLOSIVES AND ROCKET PROPELLANTS / .
Explosives: Requirements - Classification of explosives: Low explosives / - Primary explosives - High

explosives. Assessment of explosives: Sand bomb test - Drop height - Velocity of detonation. Rocket propellants: Types of rocket engines - Basic principle of rocket propulsion system - Specific impulse (ISP) - Thrust: Momentum thrust and pressure thrust. Requirements of a good propellant. Classification of chemical propellants - Liquid fuels - Liquid oxidizers - Solid fuels - Solid oxidizers.

UNIT 4LUBRICANTS.

Introduction: Requirements and functions of lubricants. Mechanism of lubrication: Hydrodynamic lubrication - Boundary lubrication - Extreme pressure lubrication. Properties of lubricants: Viscosity index - Cloud point - Pour point - Flash point - Fire point - Oiliness - Sligh oxidation test - Aniline point. Classification of lubricants: Liquid lubricants - Semisolid lubricants - Solid lubricants.

UNIT 5COMPOSITES AND ABRASIVES

Introduction: Definition. Constituents of composites: Matrix phase and dispersed phase - Examples. Metal matrix composites: Al matrix; Mg matrix and Ti matrix composites. Ceramic matrix composites: SiC marix and Alumina matrix composites. Polymer matrix composites: Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) and its types. Application of composites. Cermets: Oxide base cermets - Carbide base cermets - Properties and applications. Abrasives: Definition - Properties: Moh’s scale of Hardness. Classification: Natural and synthetic abrasives. Manufacture of abrasive paper and abrasive cloth.