Table S1. Analyses of fruit preference trials in which species pairs were presented to Bulbuls in equal abundance (6 fruit each) and in varied abundance in which each species was presented paired with every other species at either high abundance (6 fruit) or low abundance (2 fruit). Analyses were conducted using linear mixed modeling with bird individual as a random effect.

Effects were evaluated using Likelihood ratio (LR) tests comparing models that included and excluded species as a fixed factor. Introduced species are shown in italics.

Equal Abundance / High Abundance / Low Abundance
Species Pair / LR / P / LR / P / LR / P
Lantana - Miconia / 6.93 / 0.009 / 59.22 / <0.001 / 1.29 / 0.26
Lantana – Rhus / 45.01 / <0.001 / 11.14 / <0.001 / 11.77 / <0.001
Lantana – Tarenna / 0.03 / 0.87 / 3.72 / 0.053 / 0.52 / 0.47
Miconia - Rhus / 88.41 / <0.001 / 24.21 / <0.001 / 16.33 / <0.001
Miconia - Tarenna / 2.07 / 0.15 / 0.02 / 0.88 / 0.41 / 0.52
Rhus – Tarenna / 59.22 / <0.001 / 26.97 / <0.001 / 23.02 / <0.001

Table S2. Model output for four species paired with themselves at high and low abundance from single species trials. Each model includes fixed factors abundance (high – six fruit or low – 2 fruit), side of experimental perch, and time since sunrise (minutes) and the individual bird as a random effect.

Factor / Value / SE / DF / t / P
Miconia
Intercept / 0.89 / 0.89 / 75 / 1.00 / 0.32
Low abundance / -0.62 / 0.47 / 75 / -1.32 / 0.19
Right side / -0.77 / 0.42 / 75 / -1.84 / 0.07
Time / 0.00 / 0.01 / 9 / -0.43 / 0.68
Lantana
Intercept / 0.49 / 0.90 / 77 / 0.54 / 0.59
Low abundance / -2.11 / 0.55 / 77 / -3.86 / <0.001
Right side / 0.01 / 0.48 / 77 / 0.02 / 0.98
Time / 0.00 / 0.01 / 9 / 0.03 / 0.98
Rhus
Intercept / -0.01 / 0.60 / 101 / -0.02 / 0.98
Low abundance / -0.36 / 0.37 / 101 / -0.97 / 0.33
Right side / -0.25 / 0.33 / 101 / -0.75 / 0.46
Time / 0.00 / 0.00 / 9 / 0.66 / 0.53
Tarenna
Intercept / 0.67 / 0.82 / 81 / 0.81 / 0.42
Low abundance / -1.61 / 0.44 / 81 / -3.65 / <0.001
Right side / -0.39 / 0.42 / 81 / -0.95 / 0.35
Time / 0.00 / 0.01 / 9 / 0.06 / 0.96

Table S3. Model output for equal, high and low abundance fruit from equal and varied abundance trials. Each model includes fixed factors species, side of experimental perch, and time since sunrise (minutes) and the individual bird as a random effect.

Equal Abundance / High Abundance / Low Abundance
Value / SE / DF / t / P / Value / SE / DF / t / P / Value / SE / DF / t / P
Lantana - Miconia
Intercept / 1.06 / 1.13 / 119 / 0.94 / 0.35 / 0.09 / 0.61 / 145 / 0.16 / 0.88 / 2.52 / 1.73 / 30 / 1.45 / 0.16
Miconia / 1.54 / 0.59 / 119 / 2.63 / 0.01 / 2.69 / 0.32 / 145 / 8.37 / 0.00 / 1.04 / 0.95 / 30 / 1.09 / 0.28
Right / -2.97 / 0.59 / 119 / -5.06 / <0.001 / 0.24 / 0.32 / 145 / 0.74 / 0.46 / -2.35 / 1.00 / 30 / -2.36 / 0.03
Time / 0.00 / 0.01 / 9 / -0.25 / 0.81 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 9 / -0.88 / 0.40 / -0.02 / 0.01 / 30 / -1.95 / 0.06
Lantana - Rhus
Intercept / 3.58 / 1.04 / 134 / 3.45 / <0.001 / 0.97 / 0.54 / 129 / 1.80 / 0.07 / 4.45 / 1.17 / 36 / 3.79 / 0.00
Rhus / -3.49 / 0.49 / 134 / -7.16 / <0.001 / -0.83 / 0.25 / 129 / -3.36 / 0.00 / -2.12 / 0.61 / 36 / -3.49 / 0.00
Right / 0.24 / 0.49 / 134 / 0.49 / 0.63 / -0.30 / 0.26 / 129 / -1.17 / 0.25 / -1.17 / 0.61 / 36 / -1.91 / 0.06
Time / -0.01 / 0.01 / 9 / -1.26 / 0.24 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 129 / 0.05 / 0.96 / -0.01 / 0.01 / 36 / -1.94 / 0.06
Lantana - Tarenna
(Intercept) / -0.09 / 1.08 / 128 / -0.09 / 0.93 / -0.93 / 0.42 / 122 / -2.21 / 0.03 / 3.61 / 1.92 / 30 / 1.88 / 0.07
Tarenna / -0.09 / 0.53 / 128 / -0.16 / 0.87 / 0.41 / 0.22 / 122 / 1.91 / 0.06 / 0.61 / 0.88 / 30 / 0.69 / 0.50
SideR / -0.83 / 0.53 / 128 / -1.57 / 0.12 / -0.67 / 0.24 / 122 / -2.77 / 0.01 / -1.88 / 0.92 / 30 / -2.04 / 0.05
Time / 0.01 / 0.01 / 9 / 0.77 / 0.46 / 0.01 / 0.00 / 122 / 2.95 / 0.00 / -0.02 / 0.01 / 30 / -1.96 / 0.06
Miconia - Rhus
(Intercept) / 3.29 / 0.61 / 146 / 5.37 / <0.001 / 1.01 / 0.38 / 137 / 2.65 / 0.01 / 1.39 / 1.10 / 42 / 1.26 / 0.21
Rhus / -3.33 / 0.31 / 146 / -10.74 / <0.001 / -1.00 / 0.20 / 137 / -5.06 / 0.00 / -2.32 / 0.55 / 42 / -4.20 / 0.00
SideR / -0.21 / 0.31 / 146 / -0.69 / 0.49 / -0.34 / 0.20 / 137 / -1.69 / 0.09 / -0.68 / 0.54 / 42 / -1.26 / 0.21
Time / 0.00 / 0.00 / 9 / -0.54 / 0.60 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 137 / 0.31 / 0.75 / 0.01 / 0.01 / 42 / 1.09 / 0.28
Miconia - Tarenna
(Intercept) / 0.76 / 1.11 / 126 / 0.68 / 0.50 / -0.34 / 0.48 / 126 / -0.72 / 0.48 / 0.75 / 1.63 / 31 / 0.46 / 0.65
Tarenna / -0.86 / 0.61 / 126 / -1.42 / 0.16 / 0.05 / 0.31 / 126 / 0.15 / 0.88 / 0.47 / 0.77 / 31 / 0.61 / 0.54
Right / -0.72 / 0.61 / 126 / -1.19 / 0.24 / -0.24 / 0.33 / 126 / -0.73 / 0.47 / -0.82 / 0.87 / 31 / -0.94 / 0.36
Time / 0.00 / 0.01 / 9 / 0.05 / 0.96 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 126 / 0.72 / 0.47 / 0.00 / 0.01 / 31 / -0.06 / 0.96
Rhus - Tarenna
(Intercept) / 0.09 / 0.61 / 145 / 0.16 / 0.88 / 0.38 / 0.34 / 147 / 1.12 / 0.26 / -0.37 / 1.16 / 37 / -0.32 / 0.75
Tarenna / 2.69 / 0.32 / 145 / 8.37 / <0.001 / 0.82 / 0.15 / 147 / 5.35 / 0.00 / 2.88 / 0.56 / 37 / 5.18 / 0.00
Right / 0.24 / 0.32 / 145 / 0.74 / 0.46 / -0.19 / 0.16 / 147 / -1.16 / 0.25 / -0.12 / 0.56 / 37 / -0.22 / 0.83
Time / 0.00 / 0.00 / 9 / -0.88 / 0.40 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 147 / -1.19 / 0.24 / 0.00 / 0.01 / 37 / 0.33 / 0.75

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