SUPPLEMENT FIGUREAND TABLES

Figure S1. Variation in stipe number per functional unit (holdfast) registered for benthic and floating Durvillaea antarcticaduring the study. Please, note that for each algal conditions both study years and seasons were pooled.

Table S1. One-way ANOVA test for the three types of radiation (PAR 400–700-nm, UVA 340-400 nm and UVB 290-340 nm) measured during experiments with benthic and floating Durvillaea antarctica in the Coastal System of Coquimbo. The levels compared in all cases were summer 2010/11, winter 2011 and summer 2011/12. Winter 2010 was not included due to small (n = 4) sample size.

PAR (µmol photon m-2s-1)
Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-Ratio / P-Value
Season / 6,537,267.57 / 2 / 3,268,633.79 / 63.394 / 0.0001
Error / 1.14E+07 / 221 / 51,560.61
UV-A (W m-2)
Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-Ratio / P-Value
Season / 52,866.45 / 2 / 26,433.22 / 65.033 / 0.0001
Error / 89,827.04 / 221 / 406.45
UV-B (W m-2)
Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-Ratio / P-Value
Season / 72.54 / 2 / 36.27 / 99.765 / 0.0001
Error / 77.07 / 212 / 036

Table S2. One-way ANOVA test for the sea water temperature measured during experiments with benthic and floating Durvillaea antarctica in the Coastal System of Coquimbo. The levels compared were winter 2010, summer 2010/11, winter 2011 and summer 2011/12.

Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-Ratio / P-Value
Season / 796.855 / 3 / 265.6183 / 726.8810 / 0.0001
Error / 67.603 / 185 / 0.3654

Table S3. MANOVA test results for variables measured in benthic and floating Durvillaea antarctica from Coquimbo, Northern Chile. Factors were Year (2010, 2011); Season (summer, winter) and the Algal status (benthic algae without Lepas, floating algae without Lepas, floating algae with Lepas ≤ 5 mm, and floating algae with Lepas > 5 mm).

Multivariate Test Statistics
Wilks's Lambda / F-ratio / df / P Value
Year A / 0.8194 / 3.1962 / 6, 87 / 0.0070
Season B / 0.7097 / 5,9322 / 6, 87 / 0.0001
Algal status C / 0.5601 / 3,1159 / 18, 246 / 0.0001
A X B / 0.6849 / 6,6709 / 6, 87 / 0.0001
A X C / 0.6547 / 2.2131 / 18, 246 / 0.0038
B X C / 0.6616 / 2.1565 / 18, 246 / 0.0049
Univariate Test Statistics
Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-ratio / P Value
Year
Chl-a / 0.0024 / 1 / 0.0024 / 0.2304 / 0.6324
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.0097 / 1 / 0.0097 / 1.6022 / 0.2088
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 1,537.8093 / 1 / 1,537.8093 / 7.6802 / 0.0068
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 3.8455 / 1 / 3.8455 / 0.0086 / 0.9264
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 1,299.3055 / 1 / 1,299.3055 / 1.8176 / 0.1809
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 164.0402 / 1 / 164.0402 / 4.8846 / 0.0296
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834
Season
Chl-a / 0.1056 / 1 / 0.1056 / 9.9676 / 0.0022
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.1194 / 1 / 0.1194 / 19.7116 / 0.0001
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 35.5442 / 1 / 35.5442 / 0.1775 / 0.6745
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 9,411.1025 / 1 / 9,411.1025 / 20.9859 / 0.0001
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 2,799.6541 / 1 / 2,799.6541 / 3.9165 / 0.0508
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 75.4782 / 1 / 75.4782 / 2.2475 / 0.1373
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834
Algalstatus
Chl-a / 0.0309 / 3 / 0.0103 / 0.9718 / 0.4096
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.0094 / 3 / 0.0031 / 0.5179 / 0.6710
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 3,997.5526 / 3 / 1,332.5175 / 6.6549 / 0.0004
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 4,826.8372 / 3 / 1,608.9457 / 3.5878 / 0.0167
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 5,691.2550 / 3 / 1,897.0850 / 2.6538 / 0.0532
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 645.2793 / 3 / 215.0931 / 6.4047 / 0.0005
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834
Year X Season
Chl-a / 0.0218 / 1 / 0.0218 / 2.0622 / 0.1544
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.0176 / 1 / 0.0176 / 2.9121 / 0.0913
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 133.4462 / 1 / 133.4462 / 0.6665 / 0.4164
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 2,231.4678 / 1 / 2,231.4678 / 4.9760 / 0.0281
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 3,922.1571 / 1 / 3,922.1571 / 5.4867 / 0.0213
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 449.8344 / 1 / 449.8344 / 13.3945 / 0.0004
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834
Year X Algalstatus
Chl-a / 0.0047 / 3 / 0.0016 / 0.1478 / 0.9308
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.0121 / 3 / 0.0040 / 0.6665 / 0.5747
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 925.0485 / 3 / 308.3495 / 1.5400 / 0.2095
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 1,206.7619 / 3 / 402.2540 / 0.8970 / 0.4459
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 2,427.9399 / 3 / 809.3133 / 1.1322 / 0.3403
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 876.4611 / 3 / 292.1537 / 8.6994 / 0.0001
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834
Season X Algalstatus
Chl-a / 0.0620 / 3 / 0.0207 / 1.9523 / 0.1267
Error / 0.9745 / 92 / 0.0106
Fv/Fm / 0.0272 / 3 / 0.0091 / 1.4985 / 0.2202
Error / 0.5572 / 92 / 0.0061
% Blade / 2,775.3841 / 3 / 925.1280 / 4.6203 / 0.0047
Error / 18,421.3088 / 92 / 200.2316
ETRmax / 3,197.1473 / 3 / 1,065.7158 / 2.3764 / 0.0750
Error / 41,257.3097 / 92 / 448.4490
Antioxidant activity / 3,765.7728 / 3 / 1,255.2576 / 1.7560 / 0.1611
Error / 65,765.6317 / 92 / 714.8438
Phlorotannins / 189.8432 / 3 / 63.2811 / 1.8843 / 0.1377
Error / 3,089.6722 / 92 / 33.5834

Table S4. ANOVA test results (A) and total biomass (g wet weigh) mean ±SD (n) (B) for benthic and floating Durvillaea antarctica from Coastal System of Coquimbo, Northern Chile. Factors were Year (2010, 2011); Season (summer, winter) and the Algal status (A. benthic algae without Lepas, B. floating algae without Lepas, C. floating algae with Lepas ≤ 5 mm, and D. floating algae with Lepas > 5 mm). The effect of Year and Algal status was not tested due to missing data.

A.

Type III SS / df / MS / F-ratio / P-Value
Year / 15.253 / 1 / 15.253 / 17.907 / 0.0001
Season / 0.023 / 1 / 0.023 / 0.027 / 0.8698
Algal status / 20.491 / 3 / 6.830 / 8.019 / 0.0001
Year X Season / 2.591 / 1 / 2.591 / 3.042 / 0.0841
Season X Algal status / 16.812 / 3 / 5.604 / 6.579 / 0.0004
Error / 90.288 / 106 / 0.852

B.

Mean / SD / n
Year
1 / 1598.0 / 2.82 / 57
2 / 3794.8 / 2.98 / 59
Season
Summer / 2424.3 / 2.75 / 62
Winter / 2501.4 / 2.82 / 54
Algal status
A / 3336.9 / 2.52 / 32
B / 1154.4 / 2.87 / 29
C / 3934.7 / 3.23 / 30
D / 2426.2 / 3.08 / 25
Year X Season
Year 1 X Summer / 1316.3 / 2.79 / 28
Year 1 X Winter / 1939.9 / 2.85 / 29
Year 2 X Summer / 4464.9 / 3.36 / 34
Year 2 X Winter / 3225.7 / 2.65 / 25
Algal status X Season
A X Summer / 3262.0 / 2.52 / 16
A X Winter / 3413.5 / 2.52 / 16
B X Summer / 1127.8 / 2.56 / 21
B X Winter / 1181.7 / 2.57 / 8
C X Summer / 8109.6 / 2.74 / 7
C X Winter / 1909.1 / 2.54 / 23
D X Summer / 1157.7 / 3.10 / 18
D X Winter / 5084.2 / 2.60 / 7

Table S5. ANOVA test results for Maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm). Factors were Season (summer, winter) and the sex plants (female, male).

Type III SS / df / Mean Squares / F-ratio / P-value
Season / 0.1832 / 1 / 0.1832 / 43.1804 / 0.0001
Sex plant / 0.0560 / 1 / 0.0560 / 13.1965 / 0.0005
Season X Sex / 0.0358 / 1 / 0.0358 / 8.4246 / 0.0049
Error / 0.3013 / 71 / 0.0042

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