1.What is cell theory?

A. All cells come from pre-existing cells

B. Cells are the basic unit of life

C. All living things are made of cells

2.Name the functions of the following organelles .Designate as plant, animal, or both.

Organelle / Function
Nucleus / controls all activities of cells, contains DNA
Mitochondria / Powerhouse of the cell, site of respiration
Cell wall (plant) / Pant cells only, gives plant cells rigid shape
Cell membrane / controls what goes in and out of the cell
Chloroplast (plant) / Site of photosynthesis is plant cells only
Ribosome / produces protein
Cytoplasm / filling of the cell, contains all organelles
Vacuole / Stores water, larger in plant cells
Endoplasmic reticulum / transports materials throughout the cell

3.Name the levels of organization from gene to organism.

Gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

4.What is sexual reproduction? Give three examples.

Reproduction with two parents, produces diverse offspring

Ex- dogs, humans, some plants

5.What is asexual reproduction? Give three examples.

Reproduction with one parent, offspring are identical to parent

Examples- prokaryotes, bacteria, starfish

6.Name the functions of the following body systems.

Body System / Function
Digestive / breakdown nutrients in food for body to use
Respiratory / intake oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste
Skeletal / support and give shape to the body, produce blood cells
Nervous / transmit messages inside and outside of the body to the brain and away from the brain
Endocrine / contains glands that release chemicals to control many daily activities and long term body changes
Circulatory / deliver oxygenated blood and take back deoxygenated blood to the respiratory system
Integumentary / skin, controls body temperature by releasing sweat, protective barrier

7.What is a physical change? Give three examples.

Change in size, shape, state of matter

A. breaking food apart with teeth

B.crushing a can

C. ice melting

8. What is a chemical change? Give three examples.

A change in the molecular make up of a substance into a new product

Examples- burning, rusting, digesting food

  1. What is an organic molecule? Give an example.

A molecule that contains carbon

  1. What elements are usually associated with an organic molecule?

SPONCH- sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

  1. What is a molecule? Give two examples.

Two of more atoms chemically combined

A.H2O- water

B.C6H12O6- glucose

  1. How many molecules, atoms and elements in 3H2SO4?

3 molecules, 21 atoms, 3 elements

  1. What does MSDS stand for? Where should it be kept in the laboratory? 7

Material Safety Data Sheet, where it is visible

  1. What should you do if something breaks, catches fire, or spills in the laboratory?

Tell the teacher!

  1. What should you use to measure volume in the laboratory? Mass? Length?

Volume –graduated cylinder

Mass –triple beam balance

Length –ruler

  1. What is Genetics?

The study of heredity

  1. What is heredity?

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

  1. How many chromosomes are donated by each parent? Genes?

23 chromosome, 1 gene

  1. What is DNA? What is its unique shape?

The genetic blueprint of an organism, double helix

  1. What is a chromosome?

23 pairs, 46 total found in the nucleus of a cell. Contains DNA- the blueprint of an organism

What is a gene?

Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait

  1. Name the levels of organization from gene to organism.

Gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, Cell, Tissue, organ, organ system, organism

  1. Give examples of the following forces: Use arrows to show direction of force and N for force applied.

A.Balanced Force

B.Unbalanced Force

C.Net Force

  1. Complete the following table:

Simple Machine / Function / Examples
Inclined Plane / flat, slanted surface / ramp
Wedge / thick at one end and taper to a thin edge / knife
Screw / incline plane wrapped around a cylinder / jar lid
Lever / rigid bar that pivots over a fixed point / scissors
Wheel & Axle / one or two cylinders that are fastened together and rotate / steering wheel
Pulley / a rope or chain wrapped around a grooved wheel / bike chain
  1. Is work being done if nothing is moved?

No. work = force x distance if the distance is zero anything times zero = zero

  1. What is mechanical advantage?

Finding a ratio of output force to input force.

  1. Complete the following table of Newton’s Laws of Motion.

Newton’s Law / Examples
1st Law
An object at rest will stay at rest, an object in motion will stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it. / You will in your chair until a forces causes you to fall out of it.
2nd Law
The more mass an object has the more inertia. In other words, bigger objects are harder to start and stop.
force= mass x acceleration / It takes more force to accelerate a truck than a small car
3rd Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. / A rocket launching
  1. Draw an example of a food web in a grassland.
  1. Draw an example of an energy pyramid in a grassland.
  1. Why is biodiversity so important in an ecosystem?

The more biodiversity the more stable an evironment

  1. What is a dichotomous key? How can it help identify an organism?

You can identify unknown organisms by characteristics of the organism

  1. Complete the following table on biome characteristics.

Biome / Characteristics
Tundra / Very cold, covered in permafrost, few plants
Desert / sandy and dry, can be extremely hot or cold, plants usually have spines, many animals are nocturnal
Rainforest / Lots of rain, more plants and animals than any other biome, high biodiversity, located near equator
Aquatic / oceans or lakes, high biodiversity,
Grasslands / grasses and shrubs, few trees
Deciduous Forest / large broad leaf trees, change colors in fall and fall off in winter, four distinct seasons
Coniferous Forest / large pine cone bearing tree, evergreen trees,
  1. What is primary succession?

Takes place where there is no preexisting ecosystem/ no soil

  1. What is a pioneer species? Name two.

First species to appear after a catastrophic event, they arrive first in succession. They are needed to build up soil.

A. lichens

B. moss

  1. What is secondary succession? Name three reasons why this type of succession occurs.

Occurs in a preexisting ecosystem

A. deforestation

B. forest fire

C. tornado

  1. What is an opportunistic species? Name two.

Species that grow following pioneer species

A. plants with green stems

B. shrubs

  1. What is a climax community?

A community of stable plants or forest, the final stage of succession.

  1. What is the carbon-oxygen cycle?

Carbon dioxide that is created through combustion and respiration is utilized by plants which in turn create and give off oxygen to be used for animals to breath.

  1. What is the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrogen in the atmosphere is fixed by bacteria into a useable form for plants. Dead plants and animal release that nitrogen back in to the atmosphere during decomposition.

  1. Can plants and animals use atmospheric nitrogen? Why?

No, it needs to be converted by bacteria.

  1. List five ways humans impact an ecosystem.

A. deforestation

B. chemicals from lawns get in to runoff and then to rivers and oceans

C. pollution from burning fossil fuels

D. dumping chemicals

E. overfishing

  1. What is a watershed? What is its shape?

An area of land where are ground water drains down to a point and into the ocean.

  1. Where does the water come from in a watershed? Where does it go?

It comes from ground water, surface runoff, rivers, lakes, streams and eventually ends up in the ocean.

  1. What is natural section? Give three examples.

The process by which individuals that are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.

A. peppered moth

  1. What is selective breeding? Give three examples how it is utilized.

The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation.

A. race horses

B. purebred dogs

C.

  1. What is a catastrophic event? Describe three events.

Tornado, Hurricane, Flood

You also need to be familiar with the following vocabulary.

Science Vocabulary:

Biodiversity

Extinct

Symbiosis

Mutation

Genetic variation

Migrate

Decomposers

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Agriculture

Friction

Contaminate

Offspring

Other Vocabulary:

Sustainability

Predominant

Persist

Altered

Utilize

Identical

Fatal