Ch. 3 Notes: The English Establish 13 Colonies 1585-1732
I. Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
A. The English Plan Colonies
-After defeat of Spanish Armada England wanted colonies
-Richard Hakluyt told English they needed colony
-because of Mercantilism
-Spread Protestantism
-English citizens wanted to go for 2 reasons
1. economic opportunity
2. religious freedom (escape religious persecution)
B. Two Early Colonies Fail
-Sir Walter Raleigh got permission to start colony of Roanoke in 1885
-Colony failed and many of them died/disappeared
C. Financing a Colony
-Spanish colonies were funded by the monarchy (government)
-English colonies were funded by joint-stock companies
-investors gave money wanted to make profit, got stock in company
D. Jamestown is Founded in 1607
-Virginia Company financed the settlement of Jamestown
-picked swampy site and disease spread because of mosquitoes and bad water
-spent days searching for gold, not gathering/planting food
-Many died in the first year, turned to cannibalism, fought with Native Americans
E. JamestownGrows
-John Smith arrives and has strong leadership
-organizes colonists to work, build houses and grow food
-1612 John Rolfe developed a new type of tobacco and colonists began growing it as a cash crop and turning a profit
-They needed workers and turned to indentured servants
-they would serve for up to seven years and then gain their freedom
F. Conflict with Powhatan
-At times the English and Powhatan worked together
-As the English expanded tobacco production they ran into more conflict
-In 1622 the Powhatan attacked Jamestown killing hundreds
G. Bacon’s Rebellion
-Discontent among former indentured servants boiled over
-They were upset about:
1. high taxes
2. favoritism towards the wealthy
3. The governor’s refusal to fight the Native Americans
-They rose up under Nathaniel Bacon’s leadership and attacked Jamestown
-At first they were successful, but ultimately failed and some of the participants were hung
-Lead to changes to the law to prevent a governor from gaining too much power
II. New England Colonies
A. Voyage of the Mayflower
-King Henry VIII broke away from Catholic Church and started the Church of England
-in 1600’s Separatists broke away from Church of England
-Pilgrims were one of these groups, came to New World for freedom
-Mayflower landed in Mass. in 1620
-Made Mayflower Compact which established the idea of self-government
B. Pilgrims Found Plymouth
-struggled to survive first winter because of disease/starvation
-Received help from local Native Americans to survive and prosper
C. Puritans come to Massachusetts Bay
-Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England, but were persecuted in England
-Also came to New England to form a perfect community as an example
-Under John Winthrop’s leadership they prospered and did not experience the starving
-Funded by the Massachusetts’s Bay Company
D. The New England Way
-Commonwealth towns were ruled by congregations (groups of people who belonged to the same church)
-Made laws by town meetings where male church members could vote
-They elected representatives (The General Court) who elected the governor
-Everyone had to attend church by law where they learned honesty and hard work
E. Challenges to Puritan Leaders
-Roger Williams was forced out of colony because of his belief that NA should be treated with respect and that church attendance should not be required
-He founded Rhode Island
-Religious freedom and separation of church and state
-Anne Hutchinson challenged authority of the church and said that each person should interpret the bible themselves
-she was forced out of the colony
-Quakers were also persecuted in Mass. and many fled to Rhode Island
F. King Philip’s War
-1775-1676 Native Americans fought the colonists for taking their land
-Indian leader Metacom gained NA allies and led assault on English settlements
-Despite some victories, eventually the English were victorious and many NA were killed or sold into slavery
III. Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
A. The Middle Colonies
-Made up of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
-Had a large amount of religious and ethnic diversity
-people came for economic opportunity and religious freedom
B. New Netherland Becomes New York
-Dutch settled New Netherland funded by the Dutch West India Company
-Used the patroon system
Patroon: someone who pays for 50 settlers to come to colony in return for land and other rewards
-Peter Stuyvesant was the governor and expanded the colony by force
-England wanted colony for itself and took over in 1664
-Became a proprietary colony (a colony owned by an individual)
C. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
-William Penn was a Quaker who received a large grant of land and founded Pennsylvania
-Founded colony based on Quaker beliefs
-wanted all religions and people to be treated fairly and have freedom
-The colony was very successful
D. The Southern Colonies
-Made up of Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas and Georgia
-the climate and geography were good for farming
E. Maryland and the Carolinas
-Lord Baltimore established Maryland in 1632
-Baltimore was Catholic but gave religious freedom to all settlers
-Economy was based on tobacco
-back breaking work and the crop used up the soil after only a few years
-Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas began importing African slaves to do this hard, endless work from the mid-1600’s
F. Georgia
-Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a place for debtors
-Oglethorpe was a strict ruler and eventually the king took control and made it a royal colony