Unit 4a: 17th Century England
English Monarchs: 1485-1714
1. Reading a Family Tree. List in order with dates of reign the British monarchs 1485-1714.
2. Who was the monarch who unified the thrones of Scotland and England? In what year?
3. Shortly after the English Civil War (1642-1647), Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) and then his son, Richard (1658-1659), took over control of the English government. This period of time (1649-1660) when there was no king is referred to as the “Interregnum”. Who was the king who was killed in 1649 to clear the way for the Cromwell government?
4. By 1660, the English had had enough of the rule of the Puritan Cromwells. The real king was brought back in what is known as the Restoration. Who was the legitimate king (even though he was living in exile in France) at the time of the Interregnum?
5. What family name did they (#3 and 4 above) share?
6. The Stuarts would be an unhappy lot of kings. One lost his head in the English Civil War as we saw above. Several decades later another was deposed in what was called the “Glorious Revolution”. It was glorious because there was no bloodshed in this revolution. What king was deposed in the Glorious Revolution and in what year?
7. Who replaced him?
8. How were the monarchs (after the Glorious Revolution) related to the king who was deposed? How were they related to each other prior to their marriage?
Name:______Pd.______
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy (pp. 180-183)
1. Charles I at war with Spain and France; Petition of Right; Parliament dissolved in 1629
2. War with Scotland; Parliament called; English Civil War.
3. English Civil War; Oliver Cromwell; Restoration.
4. James II; Catholicism; Glorious Revolution.
5. William and Mary; English Bill of Rights; Constitutional Monarchy.
Name:______Pd.______
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy (pp. 180-183)
1. The first Stuart king was
A. James IB. Henry IIC. Elizabeth ID. Charles III
2. In 1628 Charles I was forced to sign a document called
A. The Bill of RightsC. the Constitution
B. The Petition of RightD. The Magna Carta
3. This document went contrary to the ideas of absolute monarchy.
A. TrueB. False
4. Who defeated Charles I in the English Civil War?
A. James IB. Charles IIC. Howard TompkinsD. Oliver Cromwell
5. Oliver Cromwell was of what religion?
A. CatholicB. LutheranC. PuritanD. Orthodox
6. What was it called when Charles II came to throne of England?
A. RestorationB. RevolutionC. Independence DayD. Civil War
7. James II was a member of what religion?
A. CatholicB. LutheranC. PuritanD. Orthodox
8. The Glorious Revolution
A. replaced the king with a queen onlyC. replaced the queen with a king only
B. replaced the king with a queen and kingD. replaced the queen with a king and queen
9. After the Glorious Revolution England was a
A. constitutional monarchyC. absolute monarchy
B. dictatorshipD. republic
10. The ministers who advise the king are referred to as his cabinet.
A. TrueB. False
Name: ______Pd.:______
England Terms
Define and date each of the terms below. Use pp. 180-183 and supplement with the internet.
Magna Carta -
Divine Right of Kings -
Petition of Right -
Nineteen Propositions -
Short Parliament -
Long Parliament -
Rump Parliament -
Interregnum or Commonwealth -
Restoration -
Glorious Revolution -
Bill of Rights -
Act of Settlement -
Act of Union -
Prime Minister -
Parliament vs. Monarch in the Stuart Years
I. Stuarts (part I)
A. James I(1603-1625)
1.Unified the thrones of England and Scotland
2. Proclaimed
a.But, had money problems
b.And since Parliament controlled purse strings ...
c. Resorted to to gain
d. Lost the trust of Parliament –
B. Charles I (1625-1649)
1. Parliament refuses to sign over Charles’ money except on a yearly basis
a. This means that Charles would have to call Parliament to
b. Charles would not be able to disregard Parliament as his father had
c. Charles decided to
2. A war with Spain and France in 1620s means
3. – 1628
a.Parliament extorts this agreement out of Charles in return for the money he needs
b.Petition contains many rights that we now take for granted and limits power of king
c.Charles signs, and then immediately for next 10 years
4. By 1638, war loomed with Scotland and later with Ireland
a.Parliament called and dismissed in 3 weeks =
b.1640 - Parliament called again = Parliament, because Charles still needs money badly
1. Parliament demands what are later referred to as the 19 Propositions, which would make them
2. Charles says no, tries to arrest members of Parl.
3. Both sides prepare for war
5. English Civil War (1642-1647)
a.
b. Charles surrenders 1647
c. Charles executed in 1649 by the “ Parliament” after Cromwell and company got rid of any “royalists” – those who opposed his deposal
II. Interregnum (1649-1659) = period
- Government became a with rule by Parliament
- Oliver Cromwell turned it into a in 1654
- Upon Cromwell’s death (1658), his weak son, Richard, took over until Parliament got rid of him
III. Stuarts (part II)
- , Charles II (1660-1685)
1.Limited monarch, not absolute
2.Deathbed conversion to Catholic Faith
B. James II, Charles II's brother, (1685-1688)
1.Was a Catholic, but daughters were Anglican, so Parliament
2.2nd wife had son who would be heir to the throne, and he was Catholic
3. Parliament, fearing long line of Catholic kings,
(1688)
C. William and Mary invited to throne by Parliament
1. before coronation
a. Parliament every 3 years
b. No standing army, taxes without Parliamentary consent
2. From this point forward
a. Development of office of
b. Decline of
Major 17th Century English Documents
(Precursor – The Magna Carta:
Petition of Right– 1628
A) Parliament must consent to taxes or loans from people/towns
B) King can’t imprison anyone without just cause
C) Troops can’t be housed in private homes without consent of owner
D) King can’t declare martial law unless country was at war
19 Propositions – 1642
1. Ministers serving onthe King’s Privy Councilmust be approved by theHouse of Commonsand theHouse of Lords.2. Matters that concern the public must be debated inParliament, not decided based upon the advice of private advisors.
3. (A number of high offices, including the Lord Treasurer and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, must be chosen with the consent of both houses of Parliament.) - paraphrased
4. Parliament shall approve those responsible for the education of the King’s children.
5. Parliament shall approve of the marriage of the King’s children to any person, from home or abroad.
6. Laws againstJesuits,Catholicpriests, and Catholicrecusantsmust be strictly enforced.
7. The vote of Catholic Lords shall be taken away, and the children of Catholics must receive a Protestant education.
8. A reformation of the Church government must be made.
9. The King will accept the ordering of the militia by the Lords and Commons.
10.Members of Parliamentwho have been put out of office during the present session must be allowed to return.
11. Councilors and judges must take an oath to maintain certain Parliamentary statutes.
12. All judges and officers approved of by Parliament shall hold their posts on condition of good behavior.
13. The justice of Parliament shall apply to all law-breakers, whether they are inside the country or have fled.
14. The King’s pardon must be granted, unless both houses of Parliament object.
15. Parliament must approve the King’s appointees for commanders of the forts and castles of the kingdom.
16. The unnecessary military attachment guarding the King must be discharged.
17. The Kingdom will formalize its alliance with theProtestantStates of theUnited Provinces(the Dutch) in order to defend them against the Pope and his followers.
18. The King must clear thefive membersof the House of Commons, along withLord Kimbolton, of any wrongdoing.
19. New peers of the House of Lords must be voted in by both Houses of Parliament.
English Bill of Rights - 1689
A) No taxes or army without parliament’s consent
B) Parliament to be held often with free debate
C) Right to trial by jury, fair bail, appeal to the monarch
D) No cruel and unusual punishment
E) King may not suspend laws w/o Parliament
F) No standing army in time of peace
G) Protestants may not be barred from owning arms for their defense
H) Catholics are barred from the throne of England
I) etc.
Name ______Period ______
17th Century England: Action-Reaction
The Battle for Supremacy between King and Parliament – 1603-1701
KING’s Actions1603PARLIAMENT’s Reactions
(Letter)
1. James I claims “Divine Right”, disregards Parliament→_____
2. Charles I calls Parliament to raise $ for war with Spain→_____
3. Charles I signs Petition, dismisses Parliament→_____
4. Charles I calls Parliament to raise $ for war with Scots→_____
5. Charles I dismisses Parliament after 3 weeks (Short Parliament)
but is forced to recall them in desperation for $→_____
6. Charles I refuses to sign →_____
7. Charles I prepares for war→_____
INTERREGNUM (1649-1659 = period between kings) at first a republic, as of 1654 Cromwell rules as dictator
RESTORATION (1660 = Legitimate king, Charles II, son of Charles I, restored to the crown)
8. Charles II’s brother, James II, is a Catholic→_____
9. James II has Catholic son→_____
10. James had Anglican daughters→_____
11. William and Mary sign B.O.R.→_____
1701
From this time on, the kings of England rule at the mercy of Parliament. They have completely lost the battle for supremacy.
Instructions: Place the letter of the correct item below where it belongs on the action-reaction timeline above. Identify which item below correctly indicates Parliament’s response to each action on the part of the king.
(A) PARLIAMENT demands king sign Petition of Right
(B) 1. English Civil War 1642-1646,
2. Charles I executed 1649
(C) PARLIAMENT refuses to give Charles I $ except on yearly basis
(D) 1. PARLIAMENT invites his daughter, Mary, and her husband to rule
2. PARLIAMENT requires them to sign Bill of Rights first
(E) PARLIAMENT prepares for war
(F) Act of Settlement ensures no Catholic ever becomes king of England
(G) 1. In Glorious Revolution PARLIAMENT ousts the king without bloodshed
(H) 1. Political parties form in debate as to whether he can become king
2. PARLIAMENT allows him to become king since his daughters are Anglican
(I) PARLIAMENT says we have other concerns to discuss before you get your $
(J) 1. PARLIAMENT refuses to be silenced, requires being called at least every 3 years
2. PARLIAMENT demands king turn over supremacy by signing 19 propositions
(K) PARLIAMENT does not meet for a decade = helpless
Unit 4a: 17th Century England
pp. 180-183
The following are items with which you should be familiar and about which you should be able to speak intelligently in order to succeed on the forthcoming quiz/test. Study them well as you prepare; look them up if you are unsure; ask if you cannot find out.
English Civil War – 17th Century
Chronology
War of the Roses→Tudors (rise of royal power, peace w/Parliament) →Stuarts (divine right, war w/Parliament) →war with Scotland →English Civil War→Death of Charles I→Interregnum→Restoration→GloriousRevolution→Parliament reigns supreme
People
James I – unified thrones of Scotland and EnglandCharles I – lost in battle with parliament, murdered
Oliver Cromwell – leader in war, dictator in peaceRichard Cromwell – weak son
Charles II – Restoration of the Merry MonarchJames II – last Catholic monarch, deposed
William and Mary – daughter and son-in-law of James II placed on throne after Glorious Revolution - forced to accept Bill of Rights
Terms
Magna CartaDivine Right of Kings
Petition of Right Nineteen Propositions
Short ParliamentLong Parliament
Rump Parliament Interregnum or Commonwealth
RestorationGlorious Revolution
Bill of RightsAct of Settlement
Prime MinisterAct of Union
Roundheads vs. CavaliersPuritans, Anglicans, Catholics
Other things that you need to know for the test
1. Main reason the King depended on Parliament was for money and its consequences for the conflict.
2. Know main reason for the English Civil War breaking out in 1642 –Most importantly, Parliament vs. king.
3. Know the religious leanings of the following people and how it impacted their rule: 1) Charles I – Anglican, 2) Cromwell – Puritan, 3) James II – Catholic.
4. Know the status of the battle between king and parliament at each stage of the Double Chuckburger. Who was winning, and what indicates it?
.
NAME:______Pd.______
Unit 4a Review – 17th Century England
Due on the day before the test
Answers shall be found in your notes and in your text on pages 180-183
____1. Defeated Spanish Armada, 1558-1603A. Mary II
____2. Last person to ever conquer EnglandB. Mary I
____3. Puritan parliamentarian who defeated Charles I in Civil WarC. Mary Queen of Scots
____4. Queen of Scotland killed by Eliz.I because she was a threatD. James II
____5. Last Stuart Queen – had 18 kids, but no heir (all died young)E. Winschel I
____6. Queen who restored the Catholicism after Dad dumped itF. Charles II
____7. Lost the throne of England when his wife gave birth to a sonG. Oliver Cromwell
____8. Brother of James, known as the Merry MonarchH. William the Conqueror
____9. Daughter of James II, gained throne when Dad was deposedI. Elizabeth I
____10. Greatest monarch of all time, if only he had the chanceJ. Anne
____1. Interregnum or Commonwealth, when there was no kingA. 1066
____2. Stuarts reigned during this periodB. 1337 - 1453
____3. Glorious RevolutionC. 1455 - 1487
____4. War of the RosesD. 1485 - 1603
____5. Death of Charles IE. 1603 - 1714
____6. Start of English Civil WarF. 1625 - 1649
____7. Battle of Hastings, William of Normandy conquers EnglandG. 1642
____8. The Tudor yearsH. 1649
____9. Hundred Years’ WarI. 1649 - 1660
____10. Charles I’s reignJ. 1688
____1. Overthrew the king in favor of William and MaryA. Glorious Revolution
____2. Lasted for three weeks, before Charles sent them homeB. Rump Parliament
____3. Refused Charles money he needed and refused to go homeC. Short Parliament
____4. Killed the king after Cromwell chased many members awayD. Long Parliament
____5. Charles signed this in 1628 in order to get moneyE. Magna Carta
____6. William and Mary signed this in order to become monarchsF. Act of Settlement
____7. Charles I refused to sign this leading to the Civil WarG. Act of Union
____8. Medieval document that showed limits to king’s power, 1215H. Petition of Rights
____9. Stated that no Catholic could become king of EnglandI. Bill of Rights
____10. Created Great Britain by unifying England and Scotland, 1707J. Nineteen Propositions
Chronology: Match the event on left with title or person on right.
1.___Peaceful cooperation with ParliamentA. Bill of Rights
2.___King rules both Church and State by God’s authorityB. James II
3.___Relations strained to breaking over who is supreme – king or ParliamentC. Tudor monarchs
4.___Relations brokenD. Divine Right
5.___The King is dead, no more KingE. Interregnum
6.___Welcome back kingy babyF. Glorious Revolution
7.___One Catholic king we can takeG. Civil War
8.___But Catholic heirs we shall not!H. Charles I
9.___Two monarchs are better than one if they just sign on the dotted lineI. Restoration