Kingdom Animalia-Phylum Chordata
Vertebrates
• Animals that are vertebrates are simply animals with a ______.
• Vertebrates have an ______.
–It offers support and protects the soft parts of the animal.
* Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or endotherms.
______(cold-blooded)
•Body temperature changes to match their surroundings.
• ______(warm-blooded)
•Regulate their body temperature so that it remains constant
•Vertebrate animals fall into phylum ______.
•The chordate phylum is divided into ______.
–fish
–amphibians
–reptiles
–birds
–mammals
Fish
•Fish are ______animals.
–This means that their blood temperature changes with the temperature of the surrounding water.
•Most fish live close to the shore in water that is less than ______deep.
–In the ocean, the deeper the water, the dimmer the light.
–Many fish that live at 2000 feet or deeper glow in the dark.
•All fish have ______. These gills absorb oxygen from the water and pass it along to the bloodstream.
•A fishes______are called armor because they protect it. A slimy substance moistens the scales. This protects the fish from infection and helps the fish slip through the water faster.
•Fish stay afloat because they have ______. By changing the amount of air in its bladder, a fish never rises or sinks, but stays balanced.
•Fins move the fish forward, steer it, and help the fish to keep its ______.
•The pectoral and pelvic fins are used for balance, steering, and braking.
•The ______fin keeps the fish from rolling over and works along with the anal fin.
•The tail (______) provides power, thrusting the fish forward.
•Fish are actually divided into ______different classes.
1.
2.
3.
•Bony fish make up about 95% of all fish.
•Skeletons are made up of bone.
•Their scaly skin is covered with a slimy mucous.
•Their mouth is generally at the front of the body.
•They have a tail fin.
•Cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates and rays.
•Although these look different, they have many features in common.
•None of them have any true bone - their skeleton is made of ______.
•They have strong jaws
•Their mouth is on the underside of their body.
•Their eyes are on the top of their body.
•They cannot see food as it enters their mouth.
•Some sharks solve this problem by touching their food briefly with their nose first.
–Some also use a powerful electro-sensory system.
* Jawless Fish
•This is a primitive eel-like fish which doesn't have a true jaw, but a sucker-like mouth (like suction cups!) and rasping teeth.
•There are two main types:
-______are found in freshwater lakes and streams as well as in salt water.
-______or blind eels, are found only in salt water and feed mainly
on dead fish
Amphibians-Class Amphibia, double life
•These animals have ______.
•Most spend at least part of their life in water.
•Amphibians are cold-blooded (hibernate in winter).
•They usually have three life stages: egg, larva, adult (metamorphosis).
•Includes: Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, and Newts.
Reptiles- Class Reptilia
•These animals have dry, ______skin.
•They are cold-blooded (hibernate in winter).
•Some live in the water, but most are adapted to life on land.
•Most reptiles lay soft-shelled eggs, but some bear live young.
•Includes: Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, and Crocodiles.
Birds- Class Aves
•Birds are ______.
•They have ______bones and feathers.
•Most can fly at least short distances.
•Birds are born from hard-shelled eggs.
•Includes: Raptors, Gulls, Songbirds, and Fowl.
Mammals- Class Mammalia
•These animals usually have______.
•They give birth to live young and feed their young with ______.
•Have the most complex brains and nervous systems of any animal on earth.
•Mammals are warm-blooded.
•Includes: Rodents, Hoofed animals, Marsupials, Bats, Rabbits, Weasels, Raccoons, Bears, Dogs, and Cats.