NAME______DATE______

Chapter 16 Key Concepts

AP BIG IDEA 3A1, 3B, 3C

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Chapter 16 Guided Reading Notes (Bozeman video 27 part 1 and 2)

REVIEW Table comparing DNA and RNA

Type of Nucleic Acid / Monomer / Sugar / Nitrogen Bases / Purines and Pyrimidines / Locations found within a cell
DNA /
RNA /

Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material

  1. How did Mendel’s and Morgan’s research contribute to the idea of hereditary material?
  2. Describe what is meant by transformation, according to Griffith.
  3. How did research by Avery, McCarty and Macleod support the idea of DNA as the genetic material?
  4. Summarize the research done by Hershey and Chase in moderate detail.
  5. What did Hershey and Chase conclude?
  6. What was the significance of their research?
  7. What did R. Franklin contribute to determine the structure of DNA?
  8. What did Watson and Crick determine about the structure of DNA?
  9. How does the nitrogen base structure and bonding pattern contribute to the shape of DNA?

Concept 16.2: Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair

  1. Why is DNA replication considered a semiconservative process?
  2. Compare the DNA of E. Coli to that found in a human cell in terms of: Shape, amount, and location.
  3. What is meant by origins of replication? How do origins of replication differ between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
  4. Summarize what is happening in figure 16.13. Be sure to include key terms and enzymes in your explanation.
  5. What are the roles of DNA polymerase in synthesizing a new strand of DNA?
  6. How is ATP similar to the dATP found in DNA?
  7. What is the purpose of the two lost phosphate groups as monomers join the growing DNA strand?
  8. The two strands of the double helix are described as antiparallel. What does it mean to be antiparallel?
  9. What is meant by 5’ and 3’? (you may have to look this up separately)
  1. Define the following terms:
  2. Leading strand
  3. Lagging strand
  4. What is the significance of Okazaki fragments?
  5. Complete the table below for important enzymes involved in replication. You must know these.

Protein / Function
Helicase
Topoisomerase
Primase
DNA polymerase (all combined)
DNA ligase
  1. What is the importance of telomeres?
  2. How can telomeres protect organisms from cancer?

Concept 16.3: A chromosome consists of DNA molecule packed together with proteins

  1. Explain the relationship between the following terms: DNA, chromatin, histones, protein and chromosomes

Testing your Knowledge. Self Quiz.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.