Mr. PorubanLab: Cell InvestigationBiology-CP

  1. Purpose:

-Observe different cell types from various Domains/Kingdoms

-Identify and compare structure and functions of different cell types

-Determine size of specific cells and organelles

-Use a compound light microscope correctly

  1. Procedure:

You will be working in pairs throughout this assignment. The goal is to analyze the structure of pairs of cells in order to ascertain the functions. You will need a microscope and a computer to do any needed research.

  1. Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria

Go to the following website:

-On the bottom left side, click on: Begin Assignment.

-Keep clicking Continue until you get to:B- Magnification. Read through this section (just as a review).

-Continue through until you get to:C- Field of View. Review this section as well.

-Skip over ALL sections until you get to Section D- Bacteria.

-Draw the bacteria as you see it at the highest power available.

  1. What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria and their estimated size in micrometers?
  1. Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Protista

Pond water sample:

- Place a drop of pond water on your slide and put a cover slip on it. The organisms may be moving faster than you can draw them. Try your best to “follow” them around for a few minutes then draw them from memory. Draw two different cellular organisms. Label: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cilia, & flagella. (Power selection and labels will vary depending on each sample, use your own discretion)

- If we can’t obtain any quality pond water examples…we can use this website:

Protist #1 / Protist #2
  1. Compare the two organisms and describe how their particular structure fits their function.
  1. Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Plantae

TOMATO SKIN TISSUE VS. TOMATO PULP TISSUE

Get a cherry tomato. Set up two wet-mount slides – one of the skin (make sure you scrape off the pulp and focus on the thinnest edge) and one of the pulp (this is messy, get the thinnest slice you can and then squash it under the coverslip). Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

TOMATO SKIN (400X) / TOMATO PULP (100X)
  1. Other than the nucleus, what are two structures they have in common?
  1. Based on this observation, what is the functionality of both cells?
  1. Differentiate between the two cells in terms of size and parts they contain. Connect these structural differences to the different roles each of these tissues play in the tomato.

ONION EPIDERMAL TISSUE VS ELODEA LEAF TISSUE

Obtain the inner skin from an onion layer (this is inside the curved side). Use iodine instead of water to stain the cells so you can see them better. Get a leaf from an elodea plant – make a wet-mount slide.

Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

ONION EPIDERMIS (100X) / ELODEA LEAF (400X)
  1. These two cells have different functions. Describe the function of each and connect it to cellular structure.

POTATO TISSUE VS. RED PEPPER SKIN TISSUE

Using a scalpel, take the thinnest slice of potato possible. Add iodine to make a wet mount slide. Get a piece of red pepper skin, scrape all the insides off and focus on the thinnest edge.

Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

POTATO TISSUE (100X) / RED PEPPER SKIN TISSUE (400X)
  1. Contrast the plastids in the potato tissue and in the red pepper skin tissue.
  1. Propose a functional reason for this difference.

FROG BLOOD AND HUMAN BLOOD

Obtain a prepared slide comparing frog and human blood.

Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

Frog Blood (400x) / Human Blood (400X)
  1. What is the key difference between these 2 cells in terms of cell parts?
  1. What is the function of this difference?

HUMAN CHEEK CELL AND NERVE CELL

Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick and then mix it with some iodine on a slide to make a wet mount. Google image a picture of a human nerve cell.

Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

Human Cheek CELLS (400X) / Human Nerve Cells (??X)
  1. What is the function of these cells in the body?
  1. How does the shape / arrangement of these cells allow them to do their job?

Cell Parts Overview Chart:

1.Place a CHECK in the box of the structures that can be found in each of the following cell types.

B
A
C
T
E
R
I
A / P
R
O
T
I
S
T
S / E
L
O
D
E
A / O
N
I
O
N / T
O
M
A
T
O / P
O
T
A
T
O / C
H
E
E
K / N
E
R
V
E / F
R
O
G
B. / H
U
M
A
N
B.
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts