RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS

FOR DISSERTATION

Mr. MANJUNATH UPASE.

First year M.Sc Nursing

Psychiatric Nursing

Year 2010-2011


EAST WEST COLLEGE OF NURSING

BEL Layout

Off Magadi Main road, Vishwneedam post,

Bangalore-560 091

RAJIVE GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARANATAKA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

1.  NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS: / Mr. MANJUNATH UPASE
1st yr M.Sc NURSING
EAST WEST COLLEGE OF NURSING.
Bangalore.
2.  NAME OF THE INSTITUTON: / EWCON
BEL Layout Off Magadi Main road, Vishwneedam post, Bangalore
3.  COURCE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT: / 1st yr, M.Sc NURSING
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
4.  DATE OF ADMISSION: / 15-05-2010
5.  TITLE OF THE STUDY: / “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Mobile Phone Dependency among female adolescents ”

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

“Technology is a queer thing. It brings you great gifts with one hand, and it stabs you in the back with the other” -Carrie P Snowcomedian

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Communication meets fashion, if the primary symbol of teenage autonomy and status in the twentieth century was the car, In Twenty first century it appears to be the cell phone. Although initially a symbol of wealth largely associated with male business executives, the cell phone is now synonymous with contemporary youth culture. It’s the primary means of communication between teenage girls, allowing them to be reachable anywhere and anytime.10

Cell phone culture represents many forms of mobility- geographic, social, cultural, and economic. It’s a complex consumer symbol, representing both desires for independence and for community. The cell phones also shifts girls and women’s relationship to the once predominantly male terrain of technology, as it grows from simple tool of communication into a comprehensive multimedia devices- including MP3 player, video and camera, and Internet portal, More and more technological spaces such as the internet (which can increasingly be accessed by cell phones) are no longer just places to access information but sites for socializing and building relationships or communities.

People worldwide have become increasingly enthusiastic in embracing mobile digital communications equipment comments, are “the most radiative domestic appliance ever invented”. They provide a variety of functions that touch upon every aspect of social life. More than one out of six people worldwide now have mobile phones and for many people the mobile phone has become an essential part of everyday life.2

If a person is in an area of no network, has run out of balance or even worse run out of battery, the persons gets anxious, which adversely affects the concentration level of the person. In recent times there seems to have been a transformation of the cell phone from a status symbol to a necessity because of the countless perks that a mobile phone provides like personal diary, email dispatcher, calculator, video game player, camera and music Player.11

Girls may take their cues about the importance of having a cell phone from such celebrities as Paris Hilton, who is almost always talking on her cell phone. The cell phone has come to upstage the fashion status of the handbag. Many girls’ relationships to their cell phones are paradoxical. Cell phones provides freedom and mobility, particularly for teens who are trying to assert their autonomy, they can also become a leash, to the extent that users feel compelled to answer them anywhere, any time. Popular culture (especially Hollywood films) many examples of cell phones as both vehicle for independence and dependence.3 Palen comments that mobile phone use provides certain populations, including college students who often do not have fixed land-line telephones, with a new mode of communication.4

Indian market has emerged as the second-largest market after China for mobile phone handsets. In the Indian scenario considering the tremendous increase in the number of mobile phone users in the past decade.

The mobile phone is becoming the primary personal communication mechanism worldwide.5 Not only is it a talking device on the move, but it is also a necessary social accessory. Its use has become a social phenomenon, taking place within a social context and influenced by perceptions of products, services, and social norms7. However, the view has also been expressed that “mobile phone usage is a compulsive and addictive disorder which looks set to become one of the biggest non-drug addictions in the 21st century”.13

6.2. NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Young cell phone users have fallen into Keichu, a type of cell phone addiction, Which is acquiring an unstoppable habit of e-mailing or texting friends, playing games, downloading pictures and music Said by Miki Tainikawa (International Herald Tribune)

The Orissa government (September 16 2008) announced that it has banned the use of mobile phones in college campuses. “The mobile phones are found to be a disturbing element in college campus. Therefore, we have banned it in the campus,” said higher education minister Samir Dey, adding that the order would be implemented in both government and non-government colleges across the state. In the first instance of its kind in the country, Gujarat Government has banned use ofmobile phonesin schools and colleges, saying it was affecting educational activities in the institutes. A resolution to this effect was passed by the state education department on Saturday 2008.

Teenagers who excessively use their cell phone are more prone to disrupted sleep, restlessness, stress and fatigue. 58% ofAsians, which includes Indians, have comprised to use mobile phones when traveling by air. According to the survey they have also found that Indiansare the "most social" with 69% most likely to use their phones in cinema halls/ movie theaters, 21% use it in a place of worship, and 79% while attending a wedding ceremony. 25% of users across the markets surveyed have said they used mobile phones in the meetings, 80% of Asians use a mobile phone while eating. With so many utility applications being made available on mobile phones, be it to surf the internet or to pay bills, this dependency on mobile phones is escalating at a greater pace.15

A study revealed cell phone use among high school adolescents and the factors associated with intensive cell phone use (depressive symptoms, social isolation, drug and alcohol use, school failure, and cell phone dependence). A cross sectional study of 1,328 adolescents aged 13 to 20 years in nine secondary schools of the Community of Madrid between January to April 2007. The mean age of sample participants was 15.7 years. Almost all (96.5%) had their own cell phone (80.5% had one, and 15.9% had two or more). Some 54.8% take it to school and 46.1% keep it on during class; 41.7% use it intensively. The estimated prevalence of cell phone dependence was 20% (26.1% in females, 13% in males). 6

Two Spanish children are being treated for addiction to mobile phones, in what is thought to be first case of its kind in the country. The children, 12 and 13, were admitted to a mental health clinic by their parents because they could not carry out normal activities without their phones. They both showed disturbed behavior and this exhibited itself in failure at school. They both had serious difficulties leading normal lives." She added: "When it reaches such a level of dependency it is not easy for children of this age to suddenly stop using the phone."

Fears of mobile phone "dependency" have emerged in several countries. Japan has warned parents to limit phone usage because of side effects in children who overuse them. At least two cases have been reported in Britain of young people obsessed by their phones who became depressed when incoming calls or messages dropped off

Raghav Ranade, one of the famous, practicing psychiatrists from Mumbai, said: "Emotional dependency on cell phones is common nowadays. The problem with this is there is a backlash and fury against the phones when they refuse to do what users want them to. This could be a form of cell phone rage." Snehita Paun a psychiatrist from New Delhi said that cell phones encourage a 'hurry-up, I-want-it-now' attitude in users”. This can lead to a lot of distress when the gratification is not instant. She says Cell phone rage is the annoyance, irritation and frustration that users experience when they feel controlled by the very devices they can't do without. Anyone who uses cell phones a lot, or is surrounded by people, who do, runs a risk of being affected.17

A study published in the December 2007 issue of the Journal of Family and Marriage states that increasing use of mobile phones and pagers could be linked to a decrease in family satisfaction and increased stress over a two-year period. This is because phones let people bring their work home and take personal issues to work. Women seem to be the ones more affected. All these instances can eventually lead to cases of mobile phone rage, especially when the buildup occurs quickly. , threatening messages. Joseph Tecce, an associate professor of psychology at Boston College, has conducted a lot of research in the area of phobias and addictions. He says, "Like substance abuse, cell phone usage can lead to several problems.

Researchers at International Center for Media and the Public Agenda (ICMPA), University of Maryland (UM), U.S. established that internet and cell phone dependency among students is turning into an addiction. Teens addicted to mobile phones and the internet, mainly social networking, are similar to those addicted to drugs or alcohol, reveals a novel research. Teenagers who use mobile phones for many hours a day - talking and sending messages or missed calls - may develop psychological disorders, says a study that advices "a reasonable use" for positive effects.10

About 40% of young adults admit using their mobiles for more than four hours a day. Most of them say they spend "several hours a day" on their phones. Many of these people are "deeply upset" if their missed calls or messages do not elicit a response. “Most mobile-addicts are people with low self-esteem, have problems with developing social relations and feel the urge to be constantly connected and in contact with others," the study says.

Above studies states that many mobile phone users particularly young people exhibit symptoms and patterns of behavior that are more commonly associated with gambling addicts and suffering from withdrawal if deprived of it. Study that advices "a reasonable use" for positive effects. Keeping in view the above fact, the investigator planned to evaluate the level of Knowledge, Attitude and practice on mobile phone dependency among female adolescent in order to identify the factors affecting mobile phone usage.

6.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

Conceptual framework selected for the study is based “General system theory by Ludwingwen Bertlanffy [1968]”, According to general system theory “science of wholeness and its purpose is to unit scientific thinking across the discipline and which provide framework for analyzing the whole of any system. The system has a specific purpose to achieve that goal. A system activity can be resolved into a aggregation of feedback circuits such as:

Ø  Input.

Ø  Throughput.

Ø  Output.

1. Input: Refers to any form of information, energy of material, that lead into the system through its boundary. In this study, input refers to the personal characteristics.

2. Throughput: Refers to where by the system transforms, create and organizes input. In this study throughput refers to the dependency on the external communication devices such as cell phone more than limit.

3. Output: output refers to energy, information or matter that is transformed to the environment. Output in this study refers to over dependency of cell phone leads to disrupted sleep, stress, fatigue, and restlessness, depression.

6.4 REVIEW OF LITRATURE:

The review of literature is an extensive, systematic selection of potential sources of previous work, which acquaints the investigator with fact finding work after srutinization.

Polit and Hungler state the review of literature provides readers with a background for understanding the significance of the study.18

Ø  A cross sectional study on mobile phone dependency

Ø  A descriptive study on mobile phone dependency and health related life style among male university students.

Ø  An exploratory study on mobile phone dependencies.

Ø  A cross sectional study on mobile phone dependency

The cross-sectional study conducted amongst 200 M.B.B.S. students from M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. Initially, students from different batches and those pursuing internship, both day scholars and hostlers, using mobile phone for more than one-year duration for at least 1-2 h per day were included for the study. Six hundred students of the college met the above inclusion criteria of which every third student was selected by systematic random sampling. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnairedesigned on the lines of one developed by Dr. Marcus L. Raines

The study population comprised 106 (53%) males and 94 (47%) females; of these 92(46%) were day scholars and 108 (54%) were residents of hostels. The majority of students were of the age group 17-28 year, of which 80 (40%) were of 20 year of age. Out of the entire study group, the students having nomophobia score 10-23 were maximum from Istprofessional (20.5%) and least from IIIrdprofessional -part - 2 (8%). The students having nomophobia score >24 were maximum from IIIrdprofessional part - 1 (7%) and minimum from internship (1%). Overall, 18.5% students were found to be nomophobes. In gender-based observation, 19% males and 18% females were found to be nomophobes. Twenty one out of 109 (19.26%) hostellers and 16 out of 91 (17.58%) day scholars were found to be nomophobic. No statistically significant association was observed in relation to gender, place of stay and academic sessions with nomophobia score. Approximately 73% students responded that they keep their mobile phones with them even when they go to sleep (for 24 h a day), 18.5% students used mobile phone during college hours and 8.5% students used it when absolutely necessary; 20% students responded that they lose their concentration and become stressed when they do not have their mobile around or their mobile has run out of battery; 44% students responded that they spend Rs. 250-500 per month for their mobile recharge; 25% students said that they upgrade their mobile software at least once a year; 83% students responded that mobile phone is a necessary tool to help them keep connected with their family members; 38.5% students responded they keep on checking their mobile phones for messages and calls; 31% students have at least one long duration call everyday for more than 30 min of which 39% comprised of females and 24% males. About 56% students kept their mobile phones either in the pocket of shirt or jeans close to their body so that they can have a feel of constant touch with their mobile phone.1