Name:______

Biology Midterm Review Guide

Covers Chapters 1, 2, 38.1, 7, 8 (basics), 9 (basics), 10, &11.4 in Prentice Hall Biology (Dragonfly Book). This is to direct your studying, but you should also look through the chapters. See if you can answer the section review questions and chapter assessments accurately. Study your unit blueprints, notes, and quizzes from the biochemistry and cell units.

UNIT-INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY:

  1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD: What are the 6 steps in the scientific method?
  1. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT: Identify the parts of a controlled experiment and their purpose/function

Part: / Definition/purpose/function:

UNIT-BIOCHEMISTRY:

  1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE: Identify each of the subatomic particles that exist in an atom, their location in the atom, and their charge.

Subatomic Particle / Location / Charge
  1. WATER AND BONDING: Using the word box to the right, label the parts of the molecules below. YOU WILL HAVE TO DRAW LINES!!!
  1. Polar means ______distribution or sharing of electrons.
  1. PROPERTIES OF WATER: What properties of water allow it to sustain life and how?

Water Property / What is it?/How does it sustain life?
POLARITY!!
  1. Match the scientific tools/measurement with their correct function

______1.Beaker

______2.Graduated cylinder

______3.Milliliter

______4.Millimeter

______5.Pipette

______6.Ruler

  1. Tool that measures length (larger units)
  2. Holds large volumes of liquid
  3. Tool that measures liquids
  4. Tool used to transfer small amount of liquid
  5. Unit of liquid measurement (small)
  6. Unit of measurement (microscopic)

  1. MACROMOLECULES: Identify the four classes of macromolecules, their subunit, function, identifying suffix, and what indicator we use to test for them. Be sure to include the color they become in the presence of their indicator.

Class of Macromolecule / Subunit/
Monomer / Function(s) / Identifying suffix / Indicator/Color
  1. ENZYMES: What do they do?

______

To what macromolecule class do they belong? What is the monomer that makes them up? What do they do? What two factors affect how well they work?

Class of Macromolecule / Subunit/
Monomer / Function(s) / Identifying suffix / Factors
  1. INORGANIC OR ORGANIC? What does it mean to be organic?

______

Identify each of the following as organic or inorganic. Identify the function of each of the following and 2 food sources.

Molecule / Organic or Inorganic / Function(s) (dietary) / Food Sources
Vitamin D
Calcium
Water
Iron
  1. pH: What is the pH scale? What ranges indicate acids? Bases?

What is the pH scale?
Solution / pH Range / Example
Acid
Base (Alkaline)
  1. How do changing pHs or temps affect enzyme function? WHY?
  1. ENERGY: Photosynthesis, Cellular (aerobic) Respiration, Chemosynthesis

Process / What organisms perform this process? / Where in the cell? / Formula
Reactants Products
Photosynthesis
Cellular (aerobic) Respiration
  1. How are ANAEROBIC and AEROBIC respiration different?
  1. Where do chemosynthetic organisms get their energy? Where are organisms like this found? Give an example of a chemosynthetic organism.

UNIT-CELLULAR BIOLOGY:

  1. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: Identify the 5 BCPS defined characteristics of life? Explain.

Characteristic / Explanation-what is this?
  1. Do organisms have to possess all of them to be considered living?
  1. MICROSCOPE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS: Identify the part and its function in viewing microscopic specimen.

Microscope Part / Its Function

Eyepiece/Ocular lens

Objective lens
Diaphragm
Course Adjustment Knob
Fine Adjustment Knob
Revolving Nosepiece
  1. How do you use a microscope? Sequence the steps you go through to use/focus the microscope.
  1. How should a microscope be prepared to be put away?
  1. How do you find total magnification?

= Total Magnification

  1. How is the depth of field affected when the magnification increases? Decreases?
  1. What is the surface area to volume ratio? As a cell gets larger how does the volume change? What happens when the cell gets too big?
  1. What are the 3 molecules that compose the cell membrane? Write a star next to the primary molecule of the cell membrane
  1. What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
  1. What molecule makes up the cell wall? What class of macromolecules does it fit into?
  1. CELL PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:

Cell Organelle / Function
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Cilia/Flagella/pseudopodia
Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuole
  1. Where are chromosomes found? What are they made of?
  1. Why are large cells less efficient?
  1. PLANT VS ANIMAL ORGANELLES: What organelles do plants and animal both have? Which are unique to one or the other? Create a Venn diagram to compare them.

  1. PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTES: How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? Create a Venn diagram to compare them.

  1. CELL CYCLE: What are the stages in the cell cycle? What happens during each one? What is the end result? Which is the longest stage?

Stage /
Events
Result:
  1. MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS: How are mitosis and meiosis different?

Mitosis / Concept / Meiosis
Purpose
Results: Number of resulting cells
Results: cell type
Results: Haploid or Diploid
Genetic Composition
  1. CELL TRANSPORT:

Type of Transport / Definition / Active or Passive
Diffusion
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
  1. ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE TRANSPORT: How are active and passive transport different? Provide 2 differences.
  1. Draw an example of a cell in aHYPOtonic salt solution and using arrows, identify how the substances are moving.
  1. Draw an example of a cell in aHYPERtonic salt solution and using arrow, identify how the substances are moving.
  1. What would happen to a cell (mostly water) placed in a salt-water solution?