Your Name ____________________________________Period ______ Date ________
Environmental Science Chapter 21 Word Study – Economics, Policy, and the Future
Directions: Study the following words by reading and rereading them each evening so you will be prepared for the word study test each week. You may use one index card to write as many words and definitions on as possible to use for the test. The card must written in ink, be in your handwriting, and have your name recorded in the top, right corner with your class period and the word study chapter. If all the criteria are met, you may use your index card during the test. It will then be stapled to your test.
1.) sustainability – the condition in which human needs are met in such a way that
a human population can survive indefinitely with the same standard of living
as the current generation
2.) economics – the study of how individuals and groups make decisions about the
production , distribution, and consumption of limited resources as the individuals or groups attempt to fulfill their needs and wants
3.) globalization – the fact that environmental and economic conditions are linked
across political borders around the world as people cross borders to in search of economic opportunities and a better quality of life
4.) Sustainable Development Discussions – international organizations,
meetings, and agreements where sustaina ble development discussions took
place/the important ones include The World Conservation Union (IUCN), UN
Conference on Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972, UN
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED or Earth Summit), in
Rio De Janeiro, 1992, and The World Summit on Sustainable Development in
Johannesburg, in 2002
5.) Climate & Atmosphere Discussions – international organizations, meetings,
and agreements where discussions took place about climate and
atmospheric changes/the important ones include the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which was established in 1988, the
Framework Convention on Climate Change, in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, in 1987, and
the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change, in 1997
6.) economic incentives – governments may influence positive environmental
actions by giving tax breaks to those who update and repair their homes
using environmentally friendly materials and appliances
7.) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) – any government agency that is
planning a project that will change the landscape must file an EIS proposal
which states what kind of effect the project will have on the environment/Examples: constructing dams, highways, airports, roads,
bridges, etc.
8.) lobbying /lobbyist – an attempt to influ ence the decisions of lawmakers/paid
professionals who usually have college degrees, like in political science, who
attempt to get lawmakers to make or change laws favorable toward those
paying them
9.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – enforces National Environmental
Policy Act; Clean Water Act; Solid Waste Disposal Act; Superfund, Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Control Act; Waste Reduction Act;
Toxic Substances Control Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
10.) Department of the Interior – enforces Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (managed
across several agencies which include U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau
of Land Management, National Parks Service, and the Office of Surface
Mining Reclamation and Enforcement)
11.) Department of Agriculture – enforces Soil and Water Conservation Act,
National Forests Management Act, Taylor Grazing Act
12.) Department of Commerce – in charge of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration which monitors international atmosphere,
climate, and oceans; and the National Marine Fisheries Service that enforces
the Marine Mammal Protection Act
13.) Nuclear Regulatory Commission – regulates nuclear power stations and
nuclear waste
14.) Department of Energy – enforces National Energy Act, Public Utility
Regulatory Policies Act
15.) Henry D. Thoreau (1817-1862) a conservationist and writer who is best
none for his essays about his stay in a cabin at Walden Pond in Massachusetts
16.) John Muir (1838-1914) a Scottish-born naturalist and writer who founded the
Sierra Club, explored the American West, and was a famous advocate f or
preserving western lands as wilderness
17.) Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt (1858-1919) the first American president to
strongly support conservation. He founded the Forest Service, expanded
national forests by 400 percent , and created the first National Monuments.
18.) Alice Hamilton (1869-1970) the first American expert on diseases caused by
working with chemicals. In the early 1900’s, she warned workers about
exposure hazards and opposed the addition of lead to gasoline.
19.) Rachel Carson (1907-1964) a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
who raised awareness of toxic pesticides with her 1962 book, Silent Spring.
20.) Paul Ehrlich (1932-) a Stanford ecologist who warned of the dangers of rapid
population growth with his 1968 book, The Population Bomb.
21.) Jane Goodall (1934-) studied chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream
National Park. Her books raised awareness of the plight of several
endangered species and prompted new thinking about primate behavior.
22.) Marion Stoddart (1928-) led efforts to save the Nashua River in
Massachusetts from pollution and development. A River Ran Wild is a book
about her efforts. She is still active in protecting the Nashua River.
23.) Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997) a world-famous French oceanographer who
produced many popular books, films, and TV programs that documented
over four decades of his undersea explorations.
24.) Garrett Hardin (1915-2003) a distinguished professor of human ecology who
is best known for his 1968 essay “The Tragedy of the Commons.”