Directions: Complete the review to help you prepare for the exam on Friday, May 22nd. The words that are bolded and underlined are the key vocabulary words that you should focus on. These are the key concepts we have focused on in class.

Lesson One

  1. What is the Renaissance? What does this word mean?
  2. How does it start? What brings about the Renaissance? In which city does it start?
  3. What does classical refer to? Clue: Two Ancient Cultures.
  4. What does humanism focus on? What does it mean to study the humanities?
  5. Who was Petrach? What was his focus?
  6. What does it mean to be a patron of the arts? To commission artwork?
    Who were Leonardo, Michelangelo and Rafael? What were their great works? What perspectives did they use?

Lesson Two and Three

  1. Who created the PrintingPress? What was the first book that he printed?
  2. Why was this so revolutionary?
  3. What did this cause throughout Europe?
  4. How does the Printing Press cause Religious reform throughout Europe?
  5. Explain how indulgences worked.
  6. What was the experience of MartinLuther in Wittenburg that caused him to become so angry? What was the church selling?
  7. What was the 95Thesis? What did Martin Luther originally do with it? How is it later linked to the Printing Press?
  8. What happened at the diet which Luther was summoned to by Charles V?
  9. What are some of the differences between Lutheran, the religion created by Luther, and Catholicism?
  10. What is a theocracy?
  11. Who was the Leonardo of the North?
  12. Who was Erasmus? What did he focus on – explain in terms of vernacular.
  13. Who was SirThomasMore? What did he hope for the world?
  14. What did the works of Shakespeare focus on?

Lesson Four

  1. Who was the Tudor Family? HenryVIII? MaryTudor?
  2. What is Henry VIII known for? Why does his personal life lead to religious reform in England?
  3. Who was Mary Tudor to Henry VIII? What is she known for? What religion did she support and why?
  4. What is Mary’s daughter Elizabeth known for? How does she create a compromise between the Protestants and the Catholics?
  5. What occurred at the CouncilofTrent?
  6. How is the Inquisition linked to Protestantism?
  7. Who was St.IgnatiusofLoyola?
  8. What Persecution was born out of support for the Protestant religion? Focus on females and the Jewish population.

Lesson Five

  1. Who was Copernicus? Key idea – difference between heliocentric and geocentric.
  2. What did Kepler prove?
  3. What did Galileo create that we still use today?
  4. What is the scientificmethod? What does it mean to hypothesize?
  5. How was the study of anatomy further developed during the Renaissance?
  6. What did RobertBoyle do?
  7. Who creates the Laws of Gravity? Who helps him to do this? Who does Newton strongly dislike?
  8. What does Newton hypothesize about a canon being launched from the N. Pole?
  9. How is modern calculus born out of this age?