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HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE - 2013
Honors College; History 1090; Sociology 1488; SHRS 2906
COORDINATORS: Jonathon Erlen, Ph.D. 648-8927-office
200 Scaife Hall-office
Email address on gmail:
erlen444444
Email address at Pitt
Thomas G. Benedek, M.D.
TIME: M.-W.-F. 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m.
358 Cathedral of Learning
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
All students receiving graduate or undergraduate credit are expected to attend all classes, read the appropriate sections in the 4 assigned textbooks, and to actively participate in class discussions. Each class session will run for 1 hour and 15 minutes. The final 15-minute discussion section following each lecture, while optional, is strongly recommended, as this is the time students will get the opportunity to interact with the faculty and express their own views on the topics presented earlier in the class, as well as raise any additional items of interest from their readings for that class session. This extra 15 minutes is mandatory following each videotape session to permit adequate discussion of the videotapes. Students are also strongly encouraged to set up an appointment to see Dr. Erlen early during the semester to discuss their expectations of this course and to be sure that they fully understand the course’s educational objectives and requirements. The recommended reading assignments in this syllabus for each session are strictly optional, though students are strongly urged to read at least one of these optional readings for each session. The vast majority of these optional readings can be viewed at:
www.gmail.com
Login PITTH1090
Password histmedH1090
These optional readings are divided into two sections. Any article that is followed by **** is not on this gmail account but can be ordered for free through Pitt interlibrary loan and you should be able to retrieve it in a few days time. All articles above the double black lines for each section of the syllabus are primary sources drawn from early journal literature. Though they may be scientifically incorrect by our current scientific knowledge they were the gold standard of medical science and therapy when they were published. They represent the real “history of medicine”, as they are the past speaking directly to us. The items below the double black lines are secondary journal articles from the past few decades.
There will be three examinations based on in class lectures and videotapes only-you will not be tested on any of the readings: the first midterm on Friday September 27 will have both an out of class essay and an in-class short answer examination and is worth 20% of the final course grade, a second in-class short answer examination with no out of class essay will be on Wednesday, October 30 and is worth 10% of the final course grade, and a final examination with two out of class essays and an in-house short answer examination will be at a time and date to be set by the university and will be worth 50% of the final course grade. The remaining 20% of the final course grade will be based on the students' book reviews. Undergraduate students are required to submit three book reviews, one apiece on the following dates: September 18, October 18, and November 20: while all graduate students in the humanities or social sciences only are required to submit six book reviews, one apiece on the following dates: September 11, September 25, October 9, October 25, November 18 and December 4.
All book reviews must be between a minimum of three full pages in length and a maximum of five full pages in length and must be typed and double-spaced. One letter grade will be subtracted for each class session a book review is turned in late. All books selected for review must be housed in the History of Medicine collection in the Falk Library of the Health Sciences unless otherwise approved in advance by Dr. Erlen as some books at Hillman Library will be acceptable, and it is strongly recommended that students consult one of the two course professors when making book selections. Strict rules of English grammar will be used in the grading of these reviews-do not use creative writing styles! Book reviews on inappropriate books (juvenile, out of scope) will be rejected at the professors’ discretion. In addition all graduate students in the humanities or social sciences will be required to complete a separate bibliographic project under the direction of Dr. Erlen-this may be verbal or written.
Students are required to attend the four 6:00 PM lectures sponsored by the C. F. Reynolds Medical History Society during the semester that are listed in this syllabus, and extra credit can be earned by attending the noon lecture on October 8.
All these lectures will be held in Scaife Hall and the room numbers for each lecture are included in this syllabus Students may substitute an additional book review in place of attending each of these required lectures if emergencies or other course work interferes.
Dr. Erlen’s office is in the Falk Library of the Health Sciences, 200 Scaife Hall. His standard office hours will be 8 am to 11 am Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. It is highly recommended that you email him in advance to set up a time/date to meet him in his office as he periodically is out with business matters. He is available for email communications 7 days a week.
Students with disabilities who require special testing accommodations or other classroom modifications should notify the instructor and the Office of Disability Resources and Services (DRS) no later than the 4th week of the term. Students may be asked to provide documentation of their disability to determine the appropriateness of the request. DRS is located in 216 William Pitt Union and can be contacted at 648-7890.
SUGGESTED REQUIRED READINGS:
All students are encouraged to purchase through Amazon.com and read appropriate selections from the following four texts for this course-you will not be tested on this material:
Conrad, Lawrence I., et.al. The Western Medical Tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Duffy, John. From Humors to Medical Science: A History of American Medicine. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Rothman, David J., Marcus, Steven, and Kiceluk, Stephanie A., eds. Medicine and Western Civilization. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1995.
Warner, John H., Tighe, Janet A., eds. Major Problems in the History of American Medicine and Public Health. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.
HISTORY OF MEDICINE WEBSITES:
History of Medicine Finding Aids Consortium
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/consortium/index.html
History of the Health Sciences World Wide Web Links
http://www2.mc.duke.edu/misc/MLA/HHSS/histlink.htm
National Library of Medicine: History of Medicine Division
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html
National Library of Medicine: HISTLINE
www.pubmed.gov
Indexcat
http://www.indexcat.nlm.nih.gov
History of Science Society
http://depts.washington.edu/hssexec/
American Association for the History of Medicine
http://www.histmed.org/
American Osler Society
http://staffweb.lib.uiowa.edu/deimas/AmOslerSoc/index.htm
Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/1/homgov.html
European Association for the History of Medicine and Health
http://www.bbr-online.com/eahmh/
The Medical Heritage Library
http://www.archive.org/details/medicalheritagelibrary
History of Science/Science Studies Reference Sources
http://gort.ucsd.edu/ds/initial.html
WWW Virtual Library for the History of Science, Technology & Medicine
http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/hstm/hstm_medicine.htm
National Library of Medicine: Images from the History of Medicine
http://wwwihm.nlm.nih.gov/
Library of Congress: American Memory
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/amhome.html
Google Books
www.google.com
Google Image Database
http://google.com
RECOMMENDED OPTIONAL READINGS:
August 26 Monday
Introduction
“Ancient Egyptians and modern medicine.” Reprinted from April 15, 1911 issue of JAMA. JAMA, 2011, 305(15): 1602.
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Aufderheide, Arthur C. “Progress in soft tissue paleopathology.” JAMA, 2000, 284(20): 2571-2573.
Burnham, John C. “Garrison Lecture: How the Concept of Profession Evolved in the Work of Historians of Medicine.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1996 (70): 1-24.
Maulitz, Russell C. “Burn this book?” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1997 (71): 112-119.
King, L.S. "Of what use is medical history?" Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1977 (51): 107-116.
Rosenberg, Charles E. “What Is Disease? In Memory of Owsei Temkin.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 2003 (77): 491-505.
Risse, G. R. "The role of medical history in the education of the 'humanist' physician: A re-evaluation." Journal of Medical Education 1975 (50): 458-465.
Rosen, G. "A theory of medical historiography." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1940 (8): 655-665.
Rosenberg, Charles E. "The medical profession, medical practice, and the history of medicine.” In Modern Methods in the History of Medicine. London: Athlane Press, 1971, pp. 22-35.
Clarke, Edwin. "The history of scientific and social medicine." Modern Methods in the History of Medicine, pp. 194-210.
Brieger, Gert. "The historiography of medicine." in Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. v. 1, pp. 24-44.
Joy, Robert J. T. “On writing medical history.” Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 1997 (1): 130-137.
Worthington, Martin. “Planets, livers and omens in Mesopotamia.” Early Science and Medicine, 2004, 9(2): 136-143.
Rosenberg, Charles E. “Erwin H. Ackerknecht, Social Medicine, and the History of Medicine.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 2007 (81): 511-532.
Pickstone, John V. “Sketching together the modern histories of science, technology, and medicine.” ISIS 2011, 102 (1): 123-133.
Reznick, Jeffrey S. “Perspectives from the History of Medicine Division of the United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.” Medical History, 2011, 55: 413-418.
Horden, Peregrine. “Prefatory note: the uses of medical manuscripts.” Zipser, Barbara. Medical Books in the Byzantine World. Bologna: Eikasmos Online II, 2013. p. 1-6.
Christina Warinner: Tracking ancient diseases using ... plaque
http://www.ted.com/talks/christina_warinner_tracking_ancient_diseases_using_plaque.html
Nikita, E.; et. al. “Evidence of trephinations among the Garamantes, a late Holocene Saharan population.” International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2013, 23: 370-377.
Kwiecinski, Jakub. “The dawn of medicine: Ancient Egypt and Athotis, the king-physician.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 2013, 56(1): 99-104.
Huyler, Frank. “The woman in the mirror: Humanities in medicine.” Academic Medicine, 2013, 88(7): 918-920.
August 28 Wednesday
Medicine and Health Care Prior to the Ancient Greeks
Medicine and Western Civilization. “The Bible.” p. 11.
Dulles, Charles W. “The treatment of hydrophobia, historically and practically considered.” JAMA, 1884, 3(7): 169-180.
Von Klein, C. H. “Jewish hygiene and diet, the Talmud and various other Jewish writings heretofore untranslated.” JAMA, 1884, 3(13): 345-352.
Clarke, Augustus P. “Origin and development of modern gynecology.” JAMA, 1900. 18(6): 153-156.
“The physician in the Bible and the Talmud.” JAMA, 25(22): 962-963.
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Scurlock. JoAnn. “Physician, exorcist, conjurer, magician: A tale of two healing professions.” In Mesopotamian Magic Textual, Historical, and Interpretative Perspectives, Pp. 69-79.
Majno, Guido. The Healing Hand. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975, ch. 1-3.
Rothschild, Bruce M. "Advances in detecting disease in earlier human populations." In Skeletal Biology of Past Peoples: Research Methods, pp. 131-151.***
Allan, Nigel. “The physician in ancient Israel: his status and function.” Medical History 2001 (45): 377-394.
Geller, Mark. “A Babylonian Perspective on Greek Medicine.” Medical History 2006 (50): 392-395,
Craik, E. M. “Hippocratic Bodily “Channels” and Oriental parallels.” Medical History 2009 (53): 105-116.
Adamson, P. B. “Medical complications associated with security and control of prisoners of war in the ancient near east.” Medical History 1990 (34): 311-319.
Lloyd, G.E.R. "The transformation of ancient medicine." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1992 (66): 114-132.
Miller, R. L. “Palaeoepidemiology, literacy, and medical tradition among necropolis workman in New Kingdom Egypt.” Medical History 1991 (35): 1-24.
Adamson, P. B. “Surgery in ancient Mesopotamia.” Medical History 1991 (34): 428-435.
Nutton, Vivian. “Medical thoughts on urban pollution.” In Death and Disease in the Ancient City, pp. 65-73.
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/flash/smith/smith.html.
August 30 Friday
Hippocratic Medical Concepts and Greek Health Care
http://www.in-ta.net/info/aesculapius/
http://www.indiana.edu/~ancmed/plague.htm
Medicine and Western Civilization. “Hippocrates.” pp. 43, 139, 261.
Medicine and Western Civilization. “Aristotle.” p. 79.
Medicine and Western Civilization. “Plato.” p. 48.
“Ancient medical fees.” Reprinted from September 10, 1898 issue of JAMA. JAMA, 1998, 280(12): 1034.
Dulles, Charles W. “The treatment of hydrophobia, historically and practically considered.” JAMA, 1887, 3(7): 169-180.
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Temkin, Oswei. "Greek medicine as science and craft." ISIS, 1953 (44): 213-225.
Bailey, James E. “Asklepios: Ancient hero of medical caring.” Annals of Internal Medicine 1996 (124): 257-263.
Longrigg, James. “Death and epidemic diseases in classical Athens.” In Death and Disease in the Ancient City, pp. 55-64.
Edelstein, L. "The Hippocratic physician." In Ancient Medicine. Selected papers of Ludwig Edelstein. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. pp. 87-110.
King, L.S. "Plato's concepts of medicine." Journal of the History of Medicine 1954 (9): 38-48.
Gundert, Bert. “Parts and their roles in Hippocratic medicine.” ISIS 1992 (83): 453-465.
Hughes, Jessica. “Fragmentation as Metaphor in the Classical Healing Sanctuary.” Social History of Medicine 2008 (21): 217-236.
Majno, Guido. "The Iatros." In The Healing Hand. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975, pp. 141-206.
Scarborough, John. "Classical antiquity: Medicine and allied sciences." Trends in History. 1979 (2): 3-14.
Horstmanshoff, H.F.J. "The ancient physician: Craftsman or scientist?" Journal of the History of Medicine 1990 (45): 176-197.
Von Staden, Heinrich. "The discovery of the body: Human dissection and its cultural contents in ancient Greece." Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1992 (65): 223-241.
Nutton, Vivian. "The medical meeting place." in Ancient Medicine in Its Socio-Cultural Context. Atlanta: Rodopi, 1995. Volume 1, pp. 3-26.
Pleket, H.W. "The social status of physicians in the Graeco-Roman world." in Ancient Medicine in Its Socio-Cultural Context. Atlanta: Rodopi, 1995. Volume 1, pp. 27-34.
Longrigg, James. "Medicine and the Lyceum." in Ancient Medicine in Its Socio-Cultural Context. Atlanta: Rodopi, 1995. Volume 2, pp. 431-446.
Nutton, Vivian. “What’s in an oath?” Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 1995, 29 (6): 518-524.
Von Staden, Heinrich. “In a pure and holy way: Personal and professional conduct in the Hippocratic Oath?” Journal of the History of Medicine 1996 (51): 404-437.
Flemming, Rebecca, Hanson, Ann E. “Hippocrates’ Periparthenion (Diseases of Young Girls’): Text and translation.” Early Science and Medicine, 1998, 3(3): 241-251.
Parker, Holt N. “Women doctors in Greece, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire.” In Women Healers and Physicians: Climbing a Long Hill, Lilian R. Furst, ed. Pp. 131-151.