Name ______Hour ______Date ______
Chapter 14: “Europe in the Middle Ages” (Pages 392-420)
Using your pre-reading skills, look through the chapter, look at the pictures, and read the captions under the pictures. Notice the points that are next to the problem – letting you know the worth of that particular question or direction.
Section 1: “Feudalism and the Manor System”
1. Choose one picture from this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your picture that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture.Put the page number next to your picture.
2. Read the section on page 394 called “Prepare to Read.” List one objective that you should learn from this section:
______
3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ______
______
4. Choose 3 terms with which you are unfamiliar. Write the word and the definition on the lines below:
a. ______
______
b. ______
______
c. ______
______
5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings will tell you what that section will be about.Write each of the red bolded headings from this section on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.
A.The Middle Ages
a. The Collapse of the Roman Empire
b. Charlemagne Reunites Western Europe
c. Attacks from the North
B.______
a. ______
b. ______
C. ______
a. ______
b. ______
D. ______
a. ______
b. ______
Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading.
Pages 392-395 (each question is worth 1 point):
6. Soon he would no longer be a squire, or ______. He would be a real knight.
7. Then he felt the lord’s ______ lightly tap him on each shoulder.
8. Knights and lords protected the less powerful people ______ to them. This system held society together.
9.Medieval comes from Latin words that mean ______. This term also mean the period in the ______.
10. The middle Ages began with the collapse of the ______ in Western Europe.
11. For centuries the Roman Empire had provided __________and ______.
12. Over time, however, the Roman Empire grew ______.
13. It suffered economic and ______troubles.
14. Worse, the Roman Empire also suffered from ______ by peoples from the north.
Page 396-397 (each question is worth 1 point):
15. In wave after wave, the invaders destroyed Roman towns and cut off ______.
16. They claimed parts of the empire for themselves. Because thee peoples kept their own language and laws, they broke the bonds that had held the Roman Empire ______.
17. By about AD 500, the Roman Empire in Western Europe had completely ______.
18. ______and______were in danger of disappearing from Europe because many of the invading groups could not do either.
19. One of the invading groups was the ______.
20. The name ______comes from the word “Franks.”
21. In 768, a skilled military leader named ______ became king of the Franks.
22. Soon, he ruled an empire that stretched across most of Western ______.
23. During the time he ruled (50 years), he worked hard to keep Western Europe ______.
24. He established ______and spread the ______.
25. Perhaps the fiercest attacks were made by the ______.
26. Viking attacks were a constant ______.
27. By about 1000 AD, feudalism was the way of life throughout Western ______.
28. In medieval Europe, power belonged to those who controlled the ______.
29. They (nobles, landowners, barons, princes) gave a share of land, called a ______, to each vassal (could also be lord), or people who promised to follow the landowner’s laws and to ______for them.
30. Lords promised to treat their vassals with ______.
31. Vassals were expected to raise and lead armies that would fight for their ______.
32. Many of the vassals were ______.
33. The knights paid taxes, in the form of crops, to their ______.
34. In medieval Europe, ______ was a system of power and economic relations across regions.
Pages 398-399 (each question is worth 1 point):
35. A lord depended on the wealth his ______provided.
36. The lord made the rules and acted as a ______.
37. Like the men in her family, a noblewoman went to other noble families for ______.
38. When her husband or father was away fighting, she often serve as “______” making important ______.
39. The majority of the people of medieval Europe were not lords, ladies, or knights; they were ______.
40. Peasants were often very ______.
41. They did all the work on the ______ of the Middle Ages.
42. Most peasants were also ______.
43. Serfs could not leave the manor, or even get married, without the lords’ ______.
44. Although serfs were tied to manors, they were not quite ______.
45. Most serfs remained serfs their whole ______.
46. Serfs rarely ate ______, since the animals of the manor and surrounding land were reserved for their lord.
Pages 400-401 (each question is worth 1 point):
47. Although peasants and nobles led very different lives, their reliance on the lands of the manor bound them ______.
48. At a manor feast, diners often shared ______and ______.
49. What is a fallow field? ______
Section 2: “The Church and the Rise of Cities” (Pages 402-408)
1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture.Put the page number next to your picture.
2. Read the section on page 402 called “Prepare to Read.” List one objective that you should learn from this section:
______
3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ______
______
4. Choose 3 terms with which you are unfamiliar. Write the word and the definition on the lines below:
a. ______
______
b. ______
______
c. ______
______
5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings tell you what that section will be about. Write each of the red bolded headings from this chapter on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.
A. The Church in the Middle Ages
- Religious and Economic Power
- Political Power of the Church
- Church Organization
- The Church in Everyday Life
- Monasteries and Convents
- Scholasticism
B.______
- ______
- ______
C. ______
a. ______
b. ______
c. ______
D. ______
Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading:
Pages 402-403 (each question is worth 1 point):
6. Even today, these huge medieval ______dominate towns in many parts of Europe.
7. Cathedrals were built not only to glorify ______but to be a credit to their ______.
8.Entire communities would work for ______to build cathedrals.
9. The cathedrals beautiful glass windows and sculptures told ______ stories…to a population that could not ______and ______.
10. During the Middle Ages, nearly all people in Western Europe were Roman ______.
11. The people of the Middle Ages were comforted by Christian belief that they would enjoy the ______of heaven after death if they lived according to ______teachings.
12. The Church also told people if they didn’t obey the rules, they would be ______ after death. The promise of reward combined with the threat of __________, made most people follow the Church’s teachings.
13.The Church also had great ______ power.
14. The Church gained great wealth by ______taxes.
15.The Church was the single largest owner of ______in Europe during the Middle Ages.
16. People who did not obey the Church were threatened with being _______.
17. Look at the answer for #16. What does that word mean? ______
18. This was a serious threat because most people wouldn’t ______(hang around with) someone who had been excommunicated.
19. The ever-present threat of excommunication gave Church officials great ______ in political matters.
20. The power of the church to declare temporary peace is one reason ______began to decline (slow down) during the 1100s.
Pages 404 – 405 (each question is worth 1 point):
21. In the mid-1100s, Northern Europeans began to build large stone churches in a new style, called ______.
22. How long did it take to build Notre Dame Cathedral? ______
23. Look very closely at the diagram on the bottom of the page (404). What was the purpose of a gargoyle? ______
24. The Church was very ______. Almost every village had a ______.
25. The papacy, or government of the Church, was based in ______.
26. The Church’s authority overlapped all boundaries of kingdoms. This gave the Church power in every kingdom, every fief, and every ______.
27. In the name of God, the clergy forgave people for the wrongs which they had ____________.
28. Some religious men felt that they should dedicate their lives to God by living together in religious communities called ______.
29. Religious women, called, ______, lived in similar communities called ______.
30. The Church helped improve the ______of the middle Ages.
31. Monks were more ______than most people.
32. Because monks copied books from ancient times, they preserved knowledge that otherwise would have been ______.
33. Some Christian scholars studied ancient ______texts that said people should use reason to discover truth.
Pages 406-408 (each question is worth 1 point):
34. As people felt safer, they began to ______more and learn more about distant places.
35. Europeans began to demand such things as spices and cloth that they could get only from Africa and ______.
36. Ancient ______routes came into use again.
37. At first, local goods were traded in the markets of small ______.
38. Traders gathered at convenient places…they chose important ______built by nobles. Before long, ______developed in these locations.
39. The possibility of a better life and freedom from ______drew many people to towns.
40. People who lived in towns needed to trade for goods. They were nobles and they weren’t serfs. They were in the middle, and so it was called the middle ______.
41. ______set prices and prevented outsiders from selling goods in towns.
42. Guild members paid ______.
43. In time, if a guild official judged that the ______work met their standards, he could join the guild.
44. Medieval towns and cities were extremely ______.
45. Their lack of sanitation…and overcrowded conditions meant that ______spread quickly.
46. The bubonic plague (Black Death) wiped out one ______of Europe’s population.
47. Despite its hardships…growing cities attracted traveling ______. Many cathedral schools became great centers of ______.
48. ______ is the code of honorable conduct by which knights were supposed to live.
49. Throughout Western Europe, traveling poets and musicians called ______ went place to place singing about the brave deeds performed by ______.
Section 3: “The Crusades” (Page 409 - 415)
1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture.
2. Read the section on page 409 called “Prepare to Read.” List one objective that you should learn from this section:
______
3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ______
______
4. Choose 3 terms with which you are unfamiliar. Write the word and the definition on the lines below:
a. ______
______
b. ______
______
c. ______
______
5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings tell you what that section will be about. Write each of the red bolded headings from this chapter on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.
- Causes of the Crusades
- Pilgrims to the Holy Land
- The Rise of the Turks
- Why Go to War?
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading:
Pages 409-411 (each question is worth 1 point):
6. The crowd shouted, “______.”
7. Pope Urban II was calling the people of Europe to ______.
8. The purpose of this war was to capture the ______.
9. Now, said the ______, the Holy Land has fallen to the ______and the ______ must win it back.
10. Over the next ______ years, the Church launched ______military expeditions called the ______ to capture the Holy Land.
11. The word Crusades comes from crux, the Latin word for ______. People who carried the Christian ______ into battle against the non-Christian enemy were called ______.
12. Since about AD200, European Christians had been traveling to Jerusalema city in the Holy Land regarded as sacred by ______, ______, and______.
13. Pilgrims, people who journey to a sacred place, wanted to visit the places written about in the ______.
14. In the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took control of the ______, and this group sometimes attacked Christian pilgrims from ______. Then they closed the ______routes to Jerusalem.
15. At the same time, Turks were also conquering much of the Byzantine Empire. The emperor in ______ asked Pope Urban II to defend his Christian ______.
16. Mainly, Pope Urban II agreed to organize a war against the Muslim Turks because he wanted the Holy Land to be under the control of ______.
17. Pope Urban II had other reasons too; he wanted to gain power and prestige for ______and ______.
18. Other reasons for encouraging the Crusades was to have control of ______routes between Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Pages 412 - 413 (each question is worth 1 point):
19. Peter the Hermit’s soldiers did not take the advice of the Byzantine emperor in 1096, and the Turks easily ______them.
20. In 1099, the European armies captured Jerusalem, killedthousands of people, and divided the Holy Land into ______Christian states.
21. By 1187, a strong Arab Muslim leader, ______ recaptured Jerusalem. After negotiating with King Richard, he agreed to reopen Jerusalem to ______pilgrims.
22. Christians were never able to gain control of the Holy Land, but the Crusades brought important and long lasting changes to ______.
23. European ships that had sent crusaders and their supplies to the Holy Land returned with rugs, ______, ______, and ______.
24. Thus, the Crusades helped revive ______, which in turn led to the growth of ______and cities.
25. When the crusaders were far from home, they needed ______to buy supplies because they could not barter.
26. Returning crusaders also brought new ______and ______ back to Europe.
27. Arabs (Muslims) were advanced in medicine, technology, and ______.
(1) 28. Europeans learned how to make better ______and ______skills that would help Europe become worldwide ______.
Section 4, “The Power of the Kings,” Pages 416 – 420:
1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture
2. Read the section on page 416 called “Prepare to Read.” List one objective that you should learn from this section:
______
3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ______
______
4. Choose 3 terms with which you are unfamiliar. Write the word and the definition on the lines below:
a. ______
______
b. ______
______
c. ______
______
5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings tell you what that section will be about. Write each of the red bolded headings from this chapter on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.
- Nation Building
- The Power of the Nobles
- The Decline of Feudalism
- The Birth of Nations
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading:
Pages 416-417 (each question is worth 1 point):
1. In 1077, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated ______. This was a big mistake because this person attacked ______, got a new pope, and exiled Pope Gregory.
2. The success in overthrowing a pope was a hint of things to come. As later ______ gained power, they often dared to put their own wishes before those of the ______.
3. In the 1200s, many wealthy lords saw themselves as nearly the_________ equal.
4. One reason for the decline of the feudal system was the growth of ______and
______.
5. Kings began to support the towns and made laws to help towns grow ______.
6. The Crusades also weakened the ______.
7. Other nobles were killed in the ______, and the kings claimed their lands.
8. The kings became strong enough to challenge the ______.
9. Gradually, the large areas of Europe united under a single king began to turn into __________ (a community of people that shares territory and a government).
10. The process of combining smaller communities into a single nation with a national identity and a national government is called ______.
11. A royal ______united the two largest kingdoms in Spain.
Pages 418-420 (each question is worth 1 point):
12. By the 1200s, ______ was already well on its way to becoming a nation.
13. In 1199, when ______became king, he quickly moved to increase his wealth and power.
14. King John ______people heavily.
15. On June 15, 1215, about ______English nobleman met and gave King John a list of their demands for his cruelty and unjust behaviors.
16. A new document, the______was signed by King John (he was forced to sign it) which limited the king’s powers!
17. As it gained power ______ evolved into a powerful legislature and helped to unify ______.
18. Peace was not to come to Western Europe. Now, instead of nobles fighting each other, different nations went to war. A war that lasted from 1337 – 1453 was called, The ______. Hmmm… What’s wrong with the name of that war?
______
19. The 1152 marriage of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine brought more
______land under ______control.
20. ______invaded France and began the Hundred Years’ War.