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Lazarski University Language Certificate Examination
English Language
TEST PRZYKŁADOWY
Total time allowed – 120 minutes
LISTENING
You will hear Nick Morgan, the president of Public Words, giving tips on how to create an effective presentation. Listen and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). You will hear the recording twice.
To hear the recording click the link
1. Morgan’s recent client was an inexperienced healthcare executive. ………………………
2. Morgan’s client had a problem with keeping audience’s attention.
………………………
3. There are four steps to create a good audience-centered presentation.
………………………
4. A love story is good for introducing products to the market.
………………………
5. An effective way to start a presentation is an agenda slide or self-introduction. ………………………
6. To engage an audience you should both describe a problem and offer a solution. ………………………
7. It is a good idea to ask the audience to provide ways of implementing the solution. ………………………
READING
- Read the article below and choose the best sentence from A–E below to fill each of the gaps. Do not use any letter more than once.
What to Do If You are Discriminated Against in the Workplace?
Dealing with discrimination in the workplace is a stressful situation. 1. ___ But by understanding how to respond to discrimination and the appropriate steps to report the
discrimination, you can work to take control of a bad situation and to correct the problem.
Documentation
Many employees fail to take action after an act of discrimination takes place, hoping that the problem will go away. Regardless of whether an employee decides to take immediate action or wait to see if the problem continues, the employee should begin documenting the discriminatory acts. When documenting the discrimination, the employee should note what happened and who did it. 2. ___ Employees should understand that some laws require the reporting of the discriminatory act within a specific time period.
Internal Reporting
An employee should follow an employer's policy for making a report of discrimination. In general, the employee should report the discrimination to her supervisor.3. ___ Alternatively, an employee may also report the discrimination to the Human Resources department. The employee should request that the employer investigate the matter and make a written report of the investigation. An employee should be proactive with the employer and continue to make follow-up inquires as to the progress of the investigation.
Government Reporting
If an employee is unable to receive a satisfactory result from reporting the discrimination to the employer, the employee may report the discrimination to one or more of the various federal and state government agencies that oversee workplace discrimination issues. 4. ___ State agencies that oversee discrimination vary, but each state's Department of Labor can make an appropriate referral.
Finding Assistance
An employee may also choose to consult with an attorney about suing an employer for discrimination. An employee should look for an attorney that specializes in employment law or a related field. 5. ___ These groups offer you a number of benefits. For example, an advocacy group will have knowledge regarding federal and state laws regarding discrimination and where to report acts of discrimination.
(adapted from
A.For reporting to the federal government, the employee should report the discrimination to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
B.Unfortunately, it is also often stressful to determine how to respond to the discrimination.
C.There are also numerous advocacy groups that will assist you with dealing with discrimination in the workplace.
D.The employee should also note the day and time of the event and any witnesses.
E.If the supervisor is responsible for the discrimination, the employee should report the incident to the supervisor's supervisor.
- Read the article below and choose the correct option (a, b , c ) to finish each sentence.
Self-employment: First choice or last resort?
Self-employment is one of the big stories of the recovery. One in seven workers in the UK are now working for themselves. The latest jobs figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that there are now 4.54 million self-employed people. That is about 8% higher than a year ago. In fact, there are now 780,000 more people in employment than there were this time last year, and 40% of those are self-employed. Over the longer term, the biggest rise in self-employment has been seen in the number of older workers. According to the ONS, self-employment among the over-50s is up 36% on 10 years ago. The independent think tank the Resolution Foundation believes the main reason for this is the fact that self-employment seems to be growing as an alternative to retirement. It says that more than a quarter (28%) of the rise in the number of people working for themselves is due to a decline in the rate at which people leave self-employment. Through analysis of data from the ONS, the Resolution Foundation also found that more than half of self-employed people aged 60 or over now work part-time, that is up from 46% in 2005. In other words, self-employment is increasingly an option that allows older people to keep earning but by working less.
This trend helps explain the big growth in overall part-time self-employment seen in recent years. The proportion of women joining these ranks is also growing. But for many people, self-employment has often been a last resort, especially as the recession took hold. Akbar Vindhani was forced into working for himself after being unemployed for three months with no sign of a job, despite numerous applications to local firms. So he started a commercial laundry business, Crown Laundry, with his brother in Leicester and with financial help from his family. The 25-year-old says it was tough at the beginning, but he has not looked back."I think being unemployed was a blessing in disguise. I never thought I'd be my own boss but it's working out pretty good," he told me. Akbar says he cannot see himself working for anyone else in the future either."Being my own boss gives me much more freedom. You get out what you put in. We're growing in a steady manner and we hope to grow more rapidly in the near future."Akbar says he is actually financially better off, but that does not seem to be the case for most self-employed workers. The Resolution Foundation reckons that average weekly earnings for the self-employed have tumbled by 20% since 2007, compared with a fall of just 6% for employees over the same period.
The increase in part-time hours helps explain this disparity, but there is a suspicion that some self-employed workers are not getting enough work, or are underemployed. Self-employment was on the rise long before the recession, but its pace has accelerated since the downturn. "I think self-employment has been a safety valve against unemployment, it's meant that people who in the past would have no work at all are able to do something," says the economist, John Philpott, "On the other hand, if it means that people are underemployed for a prolonged period of time, that's a sign the economy is still weak and we need to do more to boost demand, so that we create jobs for everyone who wants them," he adds. To put it another way, self-employment can be seen as a sign of economic weakness or strength. The hope is that as the economy recovers, more of the self-employed will be genuine entrepreneurs who will go on to hire other people. That is certainly how Akbar Vindhani sees himself. "My ambition is to build up my own national laundry business in future. I'm proud of what I've achieved."
(adapted from
- Over the past decade self-employment in the UK
a) has almost doubled.
b) has risen by 36% among people over 50s.
c) has increased by 780,000.
- The majority of people turning to self- employment
a)has experienced difficulties in finding a job.
b)has always wanted to work for themselves.
c)are under skilled workers.
- Having problems with finding a job
a)may cause depression and lead to various addictions.
b)may be a turning point in people’s professional lives.
c)means that people have too high expectations regarding employment.
- The article stresses that self -employment
a)has appeared as a consequence of economic downturn.
b)is a common problem of developed economies.
c)has helped to lower the unemployment rate.
- Survey shows that some elder workers decide on self-employment as they
a)want to be professionally active rather than retire.
b)want to have more money.
c)face serious financial problems.
- Huge rate of self- employed workers
a)is always a sign of economic recovery.
b)may indicate economic stagnation.
c)proves that self employment is more profitable than working for others.
- It is expected that the current self-employed will
a)soon look for positions in other companies.
b)become employers themselves in the future.
c)continue the same working patternwithout any change.
- The word disparityin the text (paragraph three) means
a)changes
b)similarity
c)inequality
USE OF ENGLISH
I. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate options.
- In many countries parents are ______for their children’s actions until the age of 18.
a) lawful b) liable c) legal
2. If you ______a crime you must face legal consequences.
a) perform b) make c) commit
3. It is crucial for a judge to be ______and not to sympathize with
either party.
a) biased b) tolerant c) impartial
4. Telling lies while giving testimony in court is called ______.
a) perjury b) libel c) espionage
5. The police officer is questioning eye ______to the robbery.
a) witnesses b) suspects c) accused
6. Under the law of contract the party breaching its conditions is obliged to pay
______to the injured party.
a)compensate b) damages c) allowance
7. If you want to draw up a contract or a will you should contact a
______
a) barrister b) bailiff c) solicitor
8. The case has never gone to court as the company managed to sign an
out-of-court ______with the victims’ families.
a)contract b) settlement c) deal
9. The highest punishment in many European countries is life ______
a) imprisonment b) statement c) penalty
10. The business didn’t have enough money to pay its debts and became ______.
a) unprofitable b) payable c) insolvent
- Fill in the blanks with the words. There are more words than you will need.
evidence lawyer favourable instructions trial although
whether illegal preside behalf party sentence best
Role of the Judge and Other Courtroom Participants
The Judge
The judge presides over the 1. ______from a desk, called a bench, on an elevated platform. The judge has five basic tasks. The first is simply to 2. ______over the proceedings and see that order is maintained. The second is to determine 3. ______any of the evidence that the parties want to use is 4. ______or improper. Third, before the jury begins its deliberations about the facts in the case, the judge gives the jury 5. ______about the law that applies to the case and the standards it must use in deciding the case. Fourth, in bench trials, the judge must also determine the facts and decide the case. The fifth is to 6. ______convicted criminal defendants.
The Lawyers
The lawyers for each 7. ______will either be sitting at the counsel tables facing the bench or be speaking to the judge, a witness, or the jury. Each lawyer's task is to bring out the facts that put his or her client's case in the most8. ______light, but do so using approved legal procedures. In criminal cases, one of the lawyers works for the executive branch of the government, which is the branch that prosecutes cases on 9. ______of society. In federal criminal cases, that lawyer is the U.S. Attorney or an assistant U.S. attorney. On relatively rare occasions, defendants in criminal cases or parties in civil cases attempt to present their cases themselves, without using a10.______. Parties who act on their own behalf are said to act pro se, a Latin phrase meaning "on one's own behalf."(…)
(Adapted from: )
- Read the text below and choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C below.
Joanne "Jo" Rowling, born 31 July 1965), pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series. The books 1.______worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400million copies. They 2. ______the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films which became the highest-grossing film series in history. Rowling 3. ______overall approval on the scripts and maintained creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment.
Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling 4. ______as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she 5. ______the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990. The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother, divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until Rowling 6. ______the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 1997. There were six sequels, the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in 2007. Since then, Rowling 7. ______three books for adult readers, The Casual Vacancy (2012) and—under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith—the crime fiction novels The Cuckoo's Calling (2013) and The Silkworm (2014).
Rowling 8. ______a "rags to riches" life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years. She is the United Kingdom's best-selling living author, with sales in excess of £238m.The 2008 Sunday Times Rich List 9. ______Rowling's fortune at £560million, ranking her as the twelfth richest woman in the United Kingdom. Forbes ranked Rowling as the forty-eighth most powerful celebrity of 2007,and Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans. In October 2010, Rowling 10. ______the "Most Influential Woman in Britain" by leading magazine editors. She has supported charities including Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos (formerly the Children's High Level Group), and in politics supports the Labour Party and Better Together.
(adapted from )
- a) gained b) have gained c) gain
- a) have become b) are becoming c) became
- a) has b) had c) had had
- a) worked b) had been working c) was working
- a) had conceived b) conceived c) was conceiving
- a) finished b) had finished c) has finished
- a) has been writing b) wrote c) has written
- a) leads b) has led c) led
- a) estimates b) has estimated c) estimated
- a) is being named b) was named c) has been named
WRITING – a covering letter. Read the job offer carefully and apply for the post.
David Ross & Co Solicitors Chatsworth – is looking for a legal assistant.
The job duties include communicating with clients, drafting letters, preparing documents, and calendaring deadlines. Additionally, the legal assistant will be responsible for document management.
Applicants must have strong writing and communicative skills, be comfortable working with numbers and be well organized. Trained in MS Office, Excel and Outlook.
Experience and legal studies can be an asset however, training can be provided to the right person if they have no previous track record.
Write to: Ann Smith , Human Resources.
7A Station Lane
Burnside, Chatsworth CH6 7FL
Key
Listening (7 x 2 points)
1. F2. T3. F4. T5. F6. T7.T
Reading 1 (5 x 2points)
1.B 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. C
Reading 2 (8 x 1 point)
1 b 2a 3b 4c 5a 6b 7b 8c
Use of English
ex. I (10x 1 point)
1b 2c 3 c 4 a 5 a 6b 7c 8 b9 a 10 c
ex. II (10 x 1 point)
1.trial 2.preside3.whether 4.illegal5. instructions
6.sentence7.party8.favourable 9. Behalf 10. lawyer
Ex. III(10 x 1 point)
1b 2a 3b 4c 5b 6a 7c 8b 9c 10b
Writing 18 points
TOTAL - 80 points