Table S3. Description of all double-blind, placebo-controlled studies included in this analysis

Study / Year of publication / Drug / Number of patients / Number of study arms / Evaluation of experimental drug dosage / Evaluation of titration perioda
Placebo / AED / Evaluated doses (mg/d) / Score attributed (range 1-3)b / Duration (wk) / Score attributed (range 1-3)c
French et al. / 2010 / BRV / 54 / 154 / 3 / 5, 50 / 1 / 0 / 1
Van Paesschen et al. / 2013 / BRV / 52 / 105 / 3 / 50, 150 / 2 / 3 / 1
Faught et al. / 2008 / CAR / 109 / 428 / 5 / 100, 300, 800, 1600 / 3 / 4 / 1
Sperling et al. (a) / 2010 / CAR / 186 / 379 / 3 / 200, 400 / 1 / 0 / 1
Sperling et al. (b) / 2010 / CAR / 189 / 373 / 3 / 200, 400 / 1 / 0 / 1
Halford et al. / 2011 / CAR / 185 / 362 / 3 / 800, 1200 / 2 / 2 (or more for 1200 mg/d) / 1
Elger et al. / 2007 / ESL / 47 / 96 / 3 / 1200 QD or BID / 2 / 4 / 1
Gil-Nagel et al. / 2009 / ESL / 84 / 161 / 3 / 800, 1200 / 2 / 2 / 1
Elger et al. / 2009 / ESL / 102 / 93 / 3 / 800, 1200 / 2 / 2 / 1
Ben-Menachem et al. / 2010 / ESL / 100 / 92 / 4 / 400, 800, 1200 / 2 / 2 / 1
UK Gabapentin et al. / 1990 / GBP / 66 / 61 / 2 / 1200 / 1 / 2 / 1
Sivenius et al. / 1991 / GBP / 18 / 25 / 3 / 900, 1200 / 1 / 3 days / 2
US Gabapentin et al. / 1993 / GBP / 95 / 193 / 4 / 600, 1200, 1800 / 1 / 3 days / 2
Anhut et al. / 1994 / GBP / 96 / 144 / 3 / 900, 1200 / 1 / 2 days / 2
Yamauchi et al. / 2006 / GBP / 82 / 127 / 3 / 1200, 1800 / 1 / 4 days / 2
Grunewald et al. / 1994 / GVG / 23 / 22 / 2 / 3000 / 2 / 2 / 2
French et al. / 1996 / GVG / 90 / 92 / 2 / 2500 / 2 / 4 / 1
Dean et al. / 1999 / GVG / 45 / 128 / 4 / 1, ,2, 3 gr / 2 / 2 / 2
Bruni et al. / 2000 / GVG / 53 / 58 / 2 / 4000 / 3 / 32 / 1
Ben-Menachem et al. / 2007 / LCM / 96 / 319 / 4 / 200, 400, 600 / 3 / 6 / 1
Halasz et al. / 2009 / LCM / 159 / 318 / 3 / 200, 400 / 2 / 4 / 1
Chung et al. / 2010 / LCM / 104 / 298 / 3 / 400, 600 / 3 / 6 / 1
Cereghino et al. / 2000 / LEV / 95 / 199 / 3 / 1000, 3000 / 2 / 4 / 1
Betts et al. / 2000 / LEV / 39 / 80 / 3 / 2000, 4000 / 3 / 0 / 3
Shorvon et al. / 2000 / LEV / 112 / 212 / 3 / 1000, 2000 / 1 / 4 / 1
Ben-Menachem et al. / 2000 / LEV / 105 / 181 / 2 / 3000 / 2 / 4 / 1
Tsai et al. / 2006 / LEV / 47 / 47 / 2 / 1000 / 1 / 2 / 1
Peltola et al. / 2009 / LEV / 79 / 79 / 2 / 1000 / 1 / 0 / 1
Xiao et al. / 2009 / LEV / 28 / 28 / 2 / 3000 / 2 / 4 / 1
Wu et al. / 2009 / LEV / 103 / 103 / 2 / 3000 / 2 / 4 / 1
Bauer et al. / 2001 / LSG / 104 / 99 / 2 / 1500 / 2 / 3 days / 2
Baulac et al. / 2003 / LSG / 85 / 179 / 3 / 1200, 1500 / 2 / 3 days / 2
Matsuo et al. / 1993 / LTG / 73 / 143 / 3 / 300, 500 / 3 / 3-5 / 1
Naritoku et al. / 2007 / LTG / 120 (ITT) / 116 (ITT) / 4 / 200, 300, 500 / 3 / 7 / 1
Baulac et al. / 2010 / LTG / 141 / LTG=76 PGB=152 / 5 / LTG=300,400 PGB = 300,600 / 2 / 5 / 1
Barcs et al. / 2000 / OXC / 173 / 519 / 4 / 600, 1200, 2400 / 3 / 2 / 2
Krauss et al. (206) / 2012 / PER / 51 / 101 / 3 / 4 (once, BID) / 1 / 8 / 1
Krauss et al. (208) / 2012 / PER / 10 / 38 / 2 / 12 / 3 / 12 / 1
French et al. / 2012 / PER / 136 / 250 / 3 / 8, 12 / 3 / 6 / 1
French et al. / 2013 / PER / 136 / 250 / 3 / 8,12 / 3 / 6 / 1
Krauss et al. / 2012 / PER / 184 / 521 / 4 / 2, 4, 8 / 2 / 6 / 1
French et al. / 2003 / PGB / 100 / 353 / 5 / 50, 150, 300, 600 / 3 / 0 / 3
Arroyo et al. / 2004 / PGB / 96 / 191 / 3 / 150, 600 / 3 / 4 days-1w / 2
Beydoun et al. / 2005 / PGB / 98 / 214 / 3 / 600 BID-TID / 3 / 1 / 2
Elger et al. / 2005 / PGB / 73 / 268 / 3 / Flex 150-600, 600 / 3 / 0 (fixed) 4-8 w flex / 3
Lee et al. / 2009 / PGB / 59 / 119 / 2 / Flex max 600 / 3 / 6 / 1
Jones et al. / 2002 / RMC / 64 / 198 / 4 / 300, 600, 800 / 1 / 6 / 1
Chadwick et al. / 2002 / RMC / 64 / 188 / 4 / 300, 600, 1200 / 2 / 0w - 7w / 1
Porter et al. / 2007 / RTG / 99 / 301 / 4 / 400, 800, 1200 / 2 / 8 / 1
Brodie et al. / 2010 / RTG / 179 / 359 / 3 / 600, 900 / 1 / 4 / 1
French et al. / 2011 / RTG / 152 / 153 / 2 / 1200 / 2 / 6 / 1
Palhagen et al. / 2001 / RUF / 25 / 25 / 4 / 800, 1200, 1600 / 3 / 1-3 / 1
Brodie et al. / 2009 / RUF / 156 / 156 / 2 / 3200 / 3 / 1 / 2
Elger et al. / 2010 / RUF / 133 / 514 / 5 / 200, 400, 800, and 1600 / 3 / 0 / 3
Biton et al. / 2011 / RUF / 175 / 160 / 2 / 3200 / 3 / 2 / 2
Sachdeo et al. / 1997 / TGB / 107 / 106 / 3 / 32 (16x2; 8x4) / 1 / 4 / 1
Kalviainen et al. / 1998 / TGB / 77 / 77 / 2 / 30 / 1 / 6 / 1
Uthman et al. / 1998 / TGB / 91 / 206 / 4 / 16, 32, 56 / 2 / 4 / 1
Ben Menachem et al. / 1996 / TPM / 28 / 28 / 2 / 800 or lower / 3 / 5 / 1
Faught et al. / 1996 / TPM / 45 / 136 / 4 / 200, 400, 600 / 3 / 4 / 1
Privitera et al. / 1996 / TPM / 47 / 143 / 4 / 600, 800, 1000 or max tol / 3 / 6 / 1
Sharief et al. / 1996 / TPM / 24 / 23 / 2 / 400 / 2 / 3 / 1
Tassinari et al. / 1996 / TPM / 30 / 30 / 2 / 600 / 3 / 4 / 1
Korean et al. / 1999 / TPM / 89 / 89 / 2 / 600 / 3 / 10 / 1
Yen et al. / 2000 / TPM / 23 / 23 / 2 / 300 / 1 / 6 / 1
Guberman et al. / 2002 / TPM / 91 / 171 / 2 / 200 / 1 / 4 or 8 / 1
Willmore et al. / 1996 / VPA / 63 / 74 / 2 / not fixed Mean dose 35.6, max 90 mg/kg / 3 / 8 / 1
Faught et al. / 2001 / ZNS / 72 / 98 / 3 / 400, 500 / 2 / 6-13 / 1
Brodie et al. / 2004 / ZNS / 71 / 73 / 2 / 400 / 2 / 4 / 1
Brodie et al. / 2005 / ZNS / 119 / 228 / 4 / 100, 300, 500 / 2 / 6 / 1
Lu et al. / 2011 / ZNS / 50 / 52 / 2 / 400 / 2 / 4 / 1
a In those cases in which titration was less than 1 week, duration of titration was not counted
b Scoring of ‘1’, ‘2’, or ‘3’ were attributed for studies in which the dose of the highest dose arm of the active drug evaluated was respectively lower, equal to, or higher with respect to the recommended daily doses according to the approved summary of product characteristics (SPC) of each AED. Since for those AEDs not jet in the market SPC is not available, we scored ‘2’ those studies with the most frequently used doses, and ‘1’ and ‘3’ those RCTs using in their maximal dose arm, doses consistently lower or higher than that usually administered
c ‘1’ was attributed for those studies in which no titration for low doses or at least weekly intervals of dose increments for medium or high dose were planned, ‘2’ for studies with less than 1 week increments for medium doses, and ‘3’ for studies with less than 1 week for high doses or no titration with medium doses was planned.