Supplementary Materials

Supplemental Table 1. Comparison of the demographic and baseline characteristics between the DOAC and warfarin groups in the three renal function groups

Parameters / CrCl level ≥80 mL/min
(n = 1,086) / CrCl level 50–79 mL/min
(n = 774) / CrCl level 15–49 mL/min
(n = 209)
DOAC
n = 557 / Warfarin
n = 529 / p-value / DOAC
n = 414 / Warfarin
n = 360 / p-value / DOAC
n = 93 / Warfarin
n = 116 / p-value
Age, year
Male sex
Body weight, kg
BMI, kg/m2
Duration of AF, year
Paroxysmal AF
Symptoms
Medications
Class I
Class III
Number of antiarrhythmic drugs
Antiplatelet drug use
Comorbidities
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Heart failure
Stroke
History of maze procedure
Echocardiographic data
LAD, mm
LVEF, %
CHADS2 score
CHA2DS2-VASc score
HAS-BLED score
Laboratory data
CrCl, mL/min
BNP, pg/dL
Ablation procedures
Radiofrequency ablation
Repeat ablation / 56.8 ± 10.9
451 (81%)
72.2 ± 11.9
25.5 ± 3.7
3.2 ± 4.1
377 (68%)
391 (70%)
213 (38%)
53 (10%)
0.7 ± 0.7
35 (6%)
242 (43%)
67 (12%)
47 (8%)
28 (5%)
0 (0%)
39.4 ± 6.3
61.1 ± 8.5
0.8 ± 0.9
1.3 ± 1.2
0.8 ± 0.9
108.3 ± 26.7
54.8 ± 79.9
439 (79%)
154 (28%) / 57.0 ± 10.6
441 (83%)
70.8 ± 12.3
25.0 ± 3.5
4.5 ± 4.5
356 (67%)
371 (70%)
214 (41%)
107 (20%)
0.9 ± 0.9
61 (12%)
199 (38%)
60 (11%)
57 (11%)
35 (7%)
6 (1%)
39.7 ± 6.6
60.6 ± 8.8
0.8 ± 0.9
1.2 ± 1.2
1.1 ± 1.0
107.3 ± 38.5
66.9 ± 91.2
520 (99%)
167 (32%) / 0.711
0.303
0.059
0.009
<0.001
0.892
0.981
0.455
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
0.051
0.725
0.191
0.263
0.013
0.415
0.336
0.664
0.341
<0.001
0.635
0.020
<0.001
0.157 / 68.9 ± 7.1
277 (67%)
60.8 ± 9.5
23.6 ± 7.1
3.5 ± 4.7
286 (69%)
303 (73%)
158 (38%)
55 (13%)
0.7 ± 0.8
48 (12%)
222 (54%)
58 (14%)
49 (12%)
44 (11%)
1 (0.2%)
38.4 ± 6.8
61.9 ± 9.1
1.3 ± 1.1
2.5 ± 1.5
1.5 ± 0.9
66.3 ± 8.2
93.0 ± 142.7
326 (79%)
115 (28%) / 68.3 ± 6.9
248 (69%)
59.4 ± 9.7
22.6 ± 3.2
4.7 ± 5.1
249 (69%)
276 (77%)
158 (44%)
59 (16%)
0.9 ± 0.9
60 (17%)
171 (48%)
50 (14%)
46 (13%)
36 (10%)
7 (2%)
39.4 ± 6.8
61.1 ± 9.4
1.2 ± 1.0
2.3 ± 1.4
1.8 ± 1.0
66.4 ± 8.2
98.5 ± 118.4
350 (97%)
117 (33%) / 0.241
0.556
0.046
0.013
<0.001
0.980
0.266
0.106
0.224
<0.001
0.042
0.089
0.961
0.690
0.775
0.028
0.030
0.180
0.116
0.114
<0.001
0.889
0.564
<0.001
0.153 / 76.1 ± 4.2
50 (54%)
53.2 ± 8.9
21.7 ± 3.5
2.4 ± 3.3
65 (70%)
75 (81%)
31 (15%)
13 (14%)
0.7 ± 0.9
21 (23%)
64 (69%)
22 (24%)
21 (23%)
5 (5%)
0 (0%)
39.8 ± 6.9
62.4 ± 7.8
2.0 ± 1.0
3.6 ± 1.3
2.0 ± 0.8
40.8 ± 7.8
168.4 ± 187.8
74 (80%)
23 (25%) / 73.6 ± 7.4
61 (53%)
53.6 ± 10.9
21.3 ± 3.2
3.4 ± 5.5
78 (67%)
93 (80%)
38 (18%)
32 (28%)
0.9 ± 0.9
38 (33%)
60 (52%)
22 (19%)
60 (52%)
17 (15%)
7 (0.6%)
43.4 ± 7.7
53.3 ± 16.4
2.1 ± 1.1
3.7 ± 1.3
2.2 ± 1.0
37.4 ± 9.2
360.3 ± 591.0
116 (100%)
55 (47%) / 0.005
0.865
0.749
0.413
0.103
0.682
0.932
0.903
0.017
0.069
0.104
0.012
0.408
<0.001
0.030
0.018
<0.001
<0.001
0.388
0.476
0.125
0.006
0.003
<0.001
0.001

The data are presented as numbers (%) and means ± standard deviations. AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

Supplemental Table 2. Detail of the complications

DOAC group / Warfarin group
CrCl level ≥80 mL/min
Thromboembolic complication
Cerebral infarction
Major bleeding complications
Cardiac tamponade
Vascular complication
Minor bleeding complications
Puncture site bleeding or hematoma
Pericardial effusion without tamponade
Arteriovenous fistula
Vascular pseudoaneurysm
Continuous hematuria
CrCl level 50–79 mL/min
Thromboembolic complications
Cerebral infarction
Transient ischemic attack
Major bleeding complications
Cardiac tamponade
Vascular complication
Bleeding hematoma requiring blood transfusion
Gastrointestinal bleeding requiring blood transfusion
Minor bleeding complications
Puncture site bleeding or hematoma
Pericardial effusion without tamponade
Arteriovenous fistula
Vascular pseudoaneurysm
CrCl level 15–49 mL/min
Thromboembolic complication
Transient ischemic attack
Major bleeding complications
Cardiac tamponade
Vascular complication
Bleeding hematoma requiring blood transfusion
Minor bleeding complications
Puncture site bleeding or hematoma
Arteriovenous fistula
Continuous bloody phlegm
CrCl level 15 mL/min
Thromboembolic complication
Major bleeding complication
Pericardial effusion requiring blood transfusion
Minor bleeding complications
Puncture site bleeding or hematoma / 4
4
3
1
2
21
18
0
1
2
0
3
2
1
7
5
0
1
1
25
22
1
0
2
0
0
4
2
1
1
14
14
0
0 / 2
2
7
6
1
23
16
3
1
2
1
2
2
0
4
2
2
0
0
22
17
3
2
0
2
2
6
3
0
3
10
8
1
1
0
1
1
3
3

The data are presented as numbers. CrCl, creatinine clearance; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant.

Supplemental Table 3. Comparison of the demographic and baseline characteristics between the DOAC and warfarin groups in the three renal groups after adjustment by the propensity score-matched analyses

Parameters / CrCl level ≥80 mL/min
(n = 652) / CrCl level 50–79 mL/min
(n = 456) / CrCl level 15–49 mL/min
(n = 96)
DOAC
n = 326 / Warfarin
n = 326 / p-value / DOAC
n = 228 / Warfarin
n = 228 / p-value / DOAC
n = 48 / Warfarin
n = 48 / p-value
Age, year
Male sex
Body weight, kg
BMI, kg/m2
Duration of AF, year
Paroxysmal AF
Symptoms
Medications
Class I
Class III
Number of antiarrhythmic drugs
Antiplatelet drug use
Comorbidities
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Heart failure
Stroke
History of maze procedure
Echocardiographic data
LAD, mm
LVEF, %
CHADS2 score
CHA2DS2-VASc score
HAS-BLED score
Laboratory data
CrCl, mL/min
BNP, pg/dL
Ablation procedures
Radiofrequency ablation
Repeat ablation / 56.4 ± 10.8
275 (84%)
72.2 ± 11.8
25.4 ± 3.7
3.9 ± 4.8
198 (61%)
212 (65%)
118 (36%)
42 (13%)
0.7 ± 0.8
24 (7%)
123 (38%)
29 (9%)
28 (9%)
17 (5%)
0 (0%)
39.8 ± 6.3
60.4 ± 8.5
0.7 ± 0.8
1.1 ± 1.1
0.8 ± 0.9
108.0 ± 27.3
54.8 ± 79.9
317 (97%)
114 (35%) / 57.2 ± 10.1
275 (84%)
71.9 ± 12.5
25.3 ± 3.5
4.2 ± 4.1
202 (62%)
215 (66%)
124 (38%)
57 (18%)
0.8 ± 0.8
31 (10%)
134 (41%)
31 (10%)
35 (11%)
22 (7%)
0 (0%)
39.9 ± 6.4
59.7 ± 9.2
0.8 ± 0.9
1.2 ± 1.2
0.9 ± 1.0
107.5 ± 30.1
66.8 ± 91.2
318 (98%)
98 (30%) / 0.322
0.999
0.711
0.758
0.471
0.748
0.805
0.627
0.102
0.087
0.324
0.378
0.786
0.353
0.409
N/A
0.801
0.262
0.138
0.120
0.203
0.823
0.021
0.806
0.181 / 68.3 ± 7.3
159 (70%)
60.4 ± 9.7
23.0 ± 3.1
4.3 ± 5.2
139 (61%)
174 (76%)
86 (38%)
37 (16%)
0.8 ± 0.8
30 (13%)
122 (54%)
34 (15%)
32 (14%)
25 (11%)
1 (0.2%)
39.5 ± 7.1
61.1 ± 9.6
1.3 ± 1.1
2.4 ± 1.4
1.5 ± 1.0
66.3 ± 8.1
106.8 ± 72.5
222 (97%)
79 (35%) / 68.8 ± 6.8
156 (68%)
59.9 ± 9.6
22.8 ± 3.4
4.2 ± 4.5
148 (65%)
173 (76%)
101 (44%)
30 (13%)
0.8 ± 0.8
32 (14%)
118 (52%)
31 (14%)
25 (11%)
23 (10%)
7 (2%)
38.9 ± 6.4
61.8 ± 8.8
1.2 ± 1.0
2.4 ± 1.4
1.6 ± 0.9
66.4 ± 8.1
96.1 ± 109.4
219 (96%)
64 (28%) / 0.459
0.761
0.621
0.541
0.081
0.383
0.913
0.153
0.354
0.523
0.785
0.708
0.688
0.322
0.760
0.028
0.285
0.458
0.507
0.999
0.518
0.937
0.428
0.431
0.130 / 76.0 ± 4.1
24 (50%)
52.2 ± 8.9
21.3 ± 3.4
2.6 ± 3.2
37 (77%)
39 (81%)
22 (46%)
7 (15%)
1.0 ± 1.0
13 (27%)
34 (71%)
7 (15%)
14 (29%)
4 (8%)
0 (0%)
40.1 ± 8.1
60.2 ± 8.7
2.0 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 1.2
2.2 ± 0.8
39.5 ± 8.6
173.8 ± 204.2
43 (90%)
17 (35%) / 75.7 ± 6.3
24 (50%)
52.4 ± 9.0
21.3 ± 2.9
3.0 ± 4.6
35 (73%)
40 (83%)
16 (33%)
8 (17%)
0.8 ± 0.9
15 (31%)
32 (67%)
8 (17%)
17 (35%)
7 (15%)
1 (2.1%)
41.6 ± 8.3
59.5 ± 14.5
2.2 ± 1.1
3.9 ± 1.4
2.3 ± 1.0
39.5 ± 7.8
213.3 ± 312.0
48 (100%)
13 (27%) / 0.788
0.999
0.881
0.934
0.629
0.637
0.769
0.210
0.779
0.451
0.653
0.660
0.779
0.513
0.336
0.999
0.353
0.784
0.281
0.378
0.438
0.977
0.464
0.056
0.378

The data are presented as numbers (%) and means ± standard deviations. Abbreviations as in Supplemental Table 1. In the propensity model, the following baseline factors: age, male sex, BMI, duration of AF, paroxysmal AF, symptoms, antiarrhythmic medication, comorbidities, LAD, LVEF, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, HAS-BLED score, BNP levels, CrCl level, radiofrequency ablation and repeat ablation procedure, were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis.