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  1. Streak would be best. Hardness, luster, and special properties could also be used.
  2. Test with Hydrochloric Acid and see which one bubbles. The one that bubbles is limestone because it is composed of calcite.
  3. a. Pumice is lighter in color and and lower in density, in fact Pumice floats in water.
  4. Pumice is an extrusive igneous rock therefore it formed from a lava flow that cooled quickly on the Earths surface.
  1. a. If he rock has banded minerals, it is gneiss. If the rock has visible mica crystals, it is Schist.
  2. The rock is metamorphic therefore it formed under great heat and pressure, without melting.
  1. a. The mineral with the highest density would occupy the least volume.
  2. Galena has the highest density and therefore the least volume.
  1. Diamond and Graphite can both be composed of the element Carbon but have different physical properties because they have a different internal arrangement of the atoms.
  1. Color and Streak are useful in identifying Pyrite because the color and streak of Pyrite are different.

8. a. The mineral which would be scratched the least would be the hardest.

b. Biotite Mica would wear out the fastest because it is the softest mineral.

9. Rocks A and B formed with a coarse texture because they cooled slowly from magma deep inside the Earth. Rocks C and D have a fine texture because they cooled quickly from lava at the Earth surface.

  1. Rock D is probably Basalt because it is fine grained and rich in the minerals plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene indicating that it has a mafic texture.
  1. Rock A is granite because it is a coarse grained igneous rock containing potassium feldspar. All the mineral percentages in rock A fit Granite.
  1. a. and b. A and E are Sedimentary rocks. This is indicated by the words “uniform size, cemented together” and “uniform material containing fossil shells.”
  1. a. and b. Rock B cooled and solidified deep inside the Earth because it is coarse grained (big crystals).
  1. Rock sample E probably formed on the bottom of lake where small shelled marine animals lived.
  1. The size of 0.05 cm in diameter can be used to identify the rock as Sandstone.
  1. The pebbles had different origins.
  1. Dunite
  1. granite, rhyolit, pegmatite, andesite, and diorite
  1. Origin
  1. Melting and Solidification
  1. Marble
  1. a. List 2 b. List 1- Schist is metamorphic. List 3- Anthracite coal is metamorphic. List 4- gneiss is metamorphic and rhyolite is igneous.
  1. All the minerals contain oxygen (O) and Silica (Si).
  1. a and b. The conglomerate rock would be placed in group B with the other clastic sedimentary rocks.