Science: Sixth Grade2016 - 2017

Science: Sixth Grade

In sixth grade physical science, students learn about the physical world around them including basic chemistry and physics concepts. Topics of study include elements, particles, types of energy, phase changes and reactions, forces and motion, and magnets.

Course Information:

Frequency & Duration: 43 minutes; 5 periods per week; full year

Text: Physical Science 6th – 8th grade supplemental, Prentice Hall Physical Science

Asset Modules:

Chemical Interactions

Forces and Motion

Content: Scientific Method / Duration:August/September (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How do people solve problems?
How do we find answers with scientifically reliable method?
What makes a question testable?
Skill: /
  • Identify the parts of the scientific methods and use a lab sheet.
  • Infer and predict as part of completing a lab activity.
  • Draw conclusions as part of completing a lab activity.
  • Graph results of a lab activity.

Assessment: /
  • Students will be able to identify and apply the scientific method as part of a lab investigation.
  • Students will identify key vocabulary as part of an assessment.

Resources: / Science Explorer Physical Science Student edition. (2006) Pearson Prentice Hall pages 1-28
Save Fred activity
Swing Time Lab
Graph sheets
Standards: / 3.2.6.B7.Science as Inquiry
Vocabulary: / Chemistry- the study of properties of matter and how matter changes;Communicating- the process of sharing ideas with others through writing and speaking;Controlled Experiment-an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time; Data-facts, figures, and other evidence that scientists collect through observing; Dependent Variable or Responding Variable- the factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent, variable in an experiment; Hypothesis- a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question; Inferring-the process of making an inference, an interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge; Independent Variable or Manipulated Variable- the one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment; Observing- the process of using one or more of your scenes to gather information; Physics- the study of matter and how they interact; Qualitative Observation-an observation that deals with characteristics that are not expressed numbers; Quantitative Observation-an observation that deals with a number or amount; Predicting- the process of forecasting what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence; Science- a way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning leads to a body of knowledge; Scientific Inquiry or Scientific Method- the ongoing process of discovery in science; Scientific Law-a statement that describes what scientist expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions; Scientific Theory-a single explanation that connects a large set of related observations or results from experiments;Variable- a factor that can change in an experiment

Comments

Content: Mystery Mixture / Duration:September/October (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How can mixtures be separated?
How do you know when a chemical reaction has occurred?
What makes up a good observation?
Skill: /
  • Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
  • Identify groups of elements that have similar properties.
  • Compare and contrast a pure substance with a mixture.
  • Identify elements are the basic building blocks of matter.
  • Identify the characteristics of elements of the periodic table.
  • Describe how reactants change into products.

Assessment: /
  • Given a set of matter the students will identify if the matter is a(n) element, compound, or mixtures.
  • Using the periodic table the students will Identify the groups or families and their properties
  • Students will list the differences of a pure substance and mixture given a set of matter.
  • Students will display and list the elements that make up a given substance.
  • Students will be able to identify the characteristics of an element by its location on the periodic table.
  • Viewing a simple chemical reactions describe how a reactant changes to product.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 1-11
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 87, 97-101
Standards: / 3.2.7.A1. Differentiate between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Identify groups of elements that have similar properties. Explain how materials are characterized by having a specific amount of mass in each unit of volume (density).
3.2.6.A2. Compare and contrast pure substances with mixtures.
3.2.7.A2. Identify atoms as the basic building blocks of matter and that elements are composed of one type of atom.
3.2.8.A2. Identify characteristics of elements derived from the periodic table.
3.2.7.A4. Describe how reactants change into products in simple chemical reactions.
Vocabulary: / Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together;Electron- a phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over and around one another;Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Liquid- a subatomic particle with a negative charge; Mass-a subatomic particle with a positive charge; Matter- capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water; Mixture- to incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level;Neutron- a way to organize the elements based on atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and volume in a sample of matter; Periodic Table of Element- acharacteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase; Phase-reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined by a unique particle; Product- a process during which starting substances (reactants) change into new substances (products) with different arrangements of atoms; Proton- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactant- a defined quantity of space; Solid-a subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of the quantity of matter;Solution- a starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substance- anything that has mass and takes up space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around

Comments

Content: Elements / Duration:October (1 week)
Essential Question: / How do elements combine to make other stuff?
How much matter is in there?
How is an element’s identify determined?
Skill: /
  • Given a set of matter the students will identify if the matter is a(n) element, compound, or mixtures.
  • Using the periodic table the students will Identify the groups or families and their properties
  • Identify elements are the basic building blocks of matter.
  • Identify the characteristics of elements of the periodic table.
  • Explain the differences between and physical and chemical change.
  • Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.

Assessment: /
  • The students will be able to identify if a change is a chemical or physical change and support with evidence.
  • Given a set of compounds the students will be able to determine the ratio of elements.
  • Given a set of activities the students will compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 13-21
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 3-13, 90
Standards: / 3.2.6.A4. Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
3.2.6.A1. Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have different masses.
3.2.8.B4. Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators
3.2.7.A1.3.2.8.A1.3.2.7.A2.3.2.8.A2.
Vocabulary: / Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together;Electron- a phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over and around one another;Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Mass-a subatomic particle with a positive charge;Mixture- to incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level; Neutron- a way to organize the elements based on atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and volume in a sample of matter; Periodic Table of Element- a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase;Phase-reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined by a unique particle; Proton- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactant- a defined quantity of space; Solid-a subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of the quantity of matter;Solution- a starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substance- anything that has mass and takes up space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around

Comments

Content: Particles / Duration:October (1 week)
Essential Question: / How is matter different and the same?
What is the smallest part?
How do you determine what makes up a compound?
Skill: /
  • Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
  • Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
  • The students will be able to identify if a change is a chemical or physical change and support with evidence.
  • Identify how energy is transferred
  • Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy transfer
  • Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones.
  • SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without magnification.

Assessment: /
  • Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.
  • Using lab resource the students will Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones.
  • Using models the students will Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without magnification.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 22-31
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 14-22
Standards: / 3.2.6.A1. Distinguish the differences in properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Differentiate between volume and mass. Investigate that equal volumes of different substances usually have different masses.
3.2.7.A3. Explain how energy transfer can affect the chemical and physical properties of matter.
3.2.6.B6. ENERGY Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones. SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without magnification.
3.2.6.A4. 3.2.8.B4.
Vocabulary: / Chemical Reaction- a substance produced in a chemical reaction; Compressed- the physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases include solid, liquid, and gas; Density- the smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance; Dissolve- two or more substances together;Electron- a phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over and around one another;Expansion- a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space; Gas- an increase of volume; Mass-a subatomic particle with a positive charge;Mixture- to incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level; Neutron- a way to organize the elements based on atomic number and chemical property; Particle- the ratio of mass and volume in a sample of matter; Periodic Table of Element- a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase;Phase-reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure; Physical Property- a type of matter defined by a unique particle; Proton- a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another; Reactant- a defined quantity of space; Solid-a subatomic particle with no charge; Soluble- a measure of the quantity of matter;Solution- a starting substance in a chemical reaction; Substance- anything that has mass and takes up space; Volume- a phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around

Comments

Content: Kinetic Energy / Duration:November (1week)
Essential Question: / What is energy?
How can energy be transferred from one object or system to another?
How does energy interact with matter to cause change and do work?
Skill: /
  • Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
  • Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
  • Identify how energy is transferred
  • Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy transfer
  • Explain how a change in energy, changes matter.
  • Explain the differences between and physical and chemical change.
  • Demonstrate that heat moves in predictable ways from warmer objects to cooler ones.
  • SCALE Investigate that materials may be composed of parts too small to be seen without magnification.

Assessment: /
  • Given a set of matter the students will be able to identify the state of matter and the properties
  • The students will investigate different substances to compare the volumes and masses.
  • Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 32-41
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 23-31
Standards: / 3.2.7.A3. Explain how energy transfer can affect the chemical and physical properties of matter.
3.2.6.A1.3.2.8.A3.3.2.6.A4.3.2.8.A4.3.2.6B6.
Vocabulary: / Contract- to shorten or to become reduced in size; Contraction- the act of decreasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope;Kinetic Energy-the type of energy that an object has because it is in motion; Temperature- the degree of hotness or coldness of an object or the environment corresponding to its molecular activity; Thermometer- an instrument used for measuring temperature

Comments

Content: Energy Transfer / Duration:November (1.5 weeks)
Essential Question: / What are the different forms of energy?
How is energy conserved as it transforms from one form to another/from one object to another?
How does energy affect the motion of an object?
How are temperature and energy related?
How does energy get transferred from one object to another?
What is a system?
What is thermal energy?
Skill: /
  • Identify the difference of volume and mass of different substances.
  • Distinguish the differences in properties of a solid, liquid, and gasses.
  • Identify how energy is transferred.
  • Explain the effects on the physical and chemical properties of matter during energy transfer.
  • Explain how a change in energy, changes matter.

Assessment: /
  • Students will explain how the properties of matter changed during energy transfer.
  • Students will explain how energy changes matter during a lab activity.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 43-52
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 32-37
Standards: / 3.2.6.A1.3.2.7.A3.3.2.8.B3.3.2.6.B6.
Vocabulary: / Calorie- the energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius; Conduction- when heat or electricity moves from one place to another; Conservation of Energy- a principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another; Cooling- is a form of energy to become less hot, calm or less excited; Energy Transfer- the conversion of one form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place to another; Equilibrium- a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced; Heating- a form of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in any material. The higher the temperature of a material, the faster the atoms are moving, and hence the greater the amount of energy present as heat

Comments

Content: Heat of Fusion, Phase Change and Reactions / Duration:November/December (3weeks)
Essential Question: / What happens to the particles when chemical changes occur?
How do particles in various phases interact with each other.. (pushes and pulls between particles)
What determines whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic?
What are the three methods of heat transfer and how do particles interact when transferring heat by these methods?
Skill: /
  • Track the movement of heat between objects
  • Explain how heat effects particle motions
  • Explain what happens to particles during phase changes
  • Differentiate among convection, conduction, and radiation
  • Explain why heat energy consists of the random motion and vibrations
  • Explain how changes in temperature are accompanied by changes in kinetic energy
  • Compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.
  • Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons
  • Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce electric current.

Assessment: /
  • Provided examples the students Give examples of how heat moves in predictable ways, normally flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature. Explain the effect of heat on particle motion by describing what happens to particles during a phase change.
  • Given a set of heat transfers the students will be able to determine if is convection, conduction, or radiation
  • Illustrate the motion of particles and explain during heat transfer. During a lab activity the students will explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons
  • Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce electric current.
  • Given a set of activities the students will compare and contrast atomic properties of conductors and insulators.

Resources: / Asset Science Kit: Chemical Interactions
Student notebook pages 54-73
Student resource book Chemical Interactions pages 38-48
Standards: / 3.2.6.B3. Give examples of how heat moves in predictable ways, normally flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature. Explain the effect of heat on particle motion by describing what happens to particles during a phase change.
3.2.7.B3. Differentiate among convection, conduction, and radiation. Explain why heat energy consists of the random motion and vibrations of the particles of matter.
3.2.7.B4. Explain how electrical current is produced by the flow of electrons. Explain and demonstrate how electric current produces magnetic forces and how moving magnets produce electric current.
3.2.8.B3.3.2.6.B6.
Vocabulary: / Atom- the basic unit of a chemical element; Bond- A force of attraction that holds atoms or ions together in a molecule or crystal; Burning- a chemical reaction that involves the rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen;Compound- a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture; Condensation- change of a gas or vapor to a liquid, either by cooling or by being subjected to increased pressure; Conservation of Matter- the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed;Constraint- a limitation or restriction; Criterion- something that is used as a reason for making a judgment or decision;Crystal- a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces; Deposition- The accumulation or laying down of matter by a natural process;Dissolve- to make a solution of, as by mixing with a liquid;Engineering Problem- involves stating the problem to besolved as clearly as possible in terms of criteria for success, and constraints or limits; Evaporation- the process of a liquid changing into a gas; Freeze- the process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid;Freezing Point- temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid; the same temperature as the melting point;Insulation- material that is used to stop the passage of electricity, heat, or sound from one conductor to another; Ionic Compound- a chemical compound comprising ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding;Melt- make or become liquefied by heat; Mixture- a substance made by mixing other substances together;Melting Point- temperature at which a given material changes from a solid to a liquid, or melts; the same temperature as freezing point;Molecule- group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction; Phase Change- a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition; Solubility- a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution; Solute- the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent; Solution- a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent); Solvent- able to dissolve other substances; State of Matter- one of the four principal conditions in which matter exists—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma; Sublimation- process of changing from a solid to a gas without passing through an intermediate liquid phase

Comments