BIOLOGY TAKE-HOME TEST: Chapter 1

BIOLOGY TAKE-HOME TEST: Chapter 1

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.Which of the following is NOT a goal of science?

a. / to investigate and understand the natural world
b. / to explain events in the natural world
c. / to establish a collection of unchanging truths
d. / to use derived explanations to make useful predictions

____2.Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on

a. / facts.
b. / testing explanations.
c. / observations.
d. / theories.

____3.Scientists will never know for sure why dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore, scientists should

a. / stop studying dinosaurs and study only living animals.
b. / work to raise live dinosaurs to study.
c. / continue to learn as much as they can about dinosaur extinction.
d. / accept the current theory about dinosaur extinction as the best possible theory.

____4.Science is best described as a

a. / set of facts.
b. / way of knowing.
c. / collection of beliefs.
d. / list of rules.

____5.The work of scientists usually begins with

a. / testing a hypothesis.
b. / careful observations.
c. / creating experiments.
d. / drawing conclusions.

____6.Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called

a. / inferences.
b. / variables.
c. / hypotheses.
d. / data.

____7.Based on your observations, you suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is

a. / a conclusion.
b. / a hypothesis.
c. / an experiment.
d. / an analysis.

____8.A scientific hypothesis

a. / can be based on personal beliefs or opinions.
b. / can be tested by experiments or observations.
c. / does not have to be tested to be accepted as correct.
d. / is a proven fact with much evidence to support it.

____9.During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests

a. / a conclusion.
b. / a mass of information.
c. / a control group.
d. / a single variable.

____10.A student sees a bee on a flower. The student wonders how the bee finds flowers. This student is displaying the scientific attitude of

a. / creativity.
b. / curiosity.
c. / open-mindedness.
d. / skepticism.

____11.Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely

a. / reject the hypothesis right away.
b. / change the hypothesis to fit their own findings.
c. / design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis.
d. / assume that the hypothesis is true for all viruses.

____12.Why is creativity considered a scientific attitude?

a. / Scientists need creativity to make good posters to explain their ideas.
b. / Creativity helps scientists come up with different experiments.
c. / Creative scientists imagine the results of experiments without doing them.
d. / Scientists who are creative are better at handling and training animals.

____13.After a scientist publishes a paper, someone else finds evidence that the paper’s hypothesis may not be correct. The scientist is unhappy, but studies the new evidence anyway. The scientist is showing which scientific attitude?

a. / creativity
b. / curiosity
c. / open-mindedness
d. / skepticism

____14.Suppose a scientist must choose whether to publish a report in a newspaper or in a peer-reviewed journal. What is a benefit of publishing in the journal?

a. / Other scientists will know that everything in the report is true.
b. / The reviewers will fix mistakes in the report’s experiment.
c. / The report will be published more quickly in the journal.
d. / The quality of the report will meet high scientific standards.

____15.Who reviews articles for peer-reviewed journals?

a. / friends of the scientists who wrote the articles
b. / anonymous and independent experts
c. / the scientists who did the experiments
d. / people who paid for the experiments

____16.How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science?

a. / Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been accepted by most scientists.
b. / Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not need to be repeated.
c. / Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study.
d. / Ideas in the articles always support and strengthen dominant theories.

____17.A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to this news?

a. / They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed.
b. / They will quickly start to use the new treatment on their patients.
c. / They will congratulate the scientist for the discovery.
d. / They will denounce the work and call the scientist a fraud.

____18.What does a reviewer do during peer-review?

a. / Focus on mistakes in spelling.
b. / Change data to support results.
c. / Check for mistakes and bias.
d. / Repeat the experiments in the article.

____19.Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situations, but cannot explain one particular event. This idea is a

a. / hypothesis that is incorrect.
b. / hypothesis that must be retested.
c. / theory that should be discarded.
d. / theory that may need revision.

____20.A theory

a. / is always true.
b. / is the opening statement of an experiment.
c. / may be revised or replaced.
d. / is a problem to be solved.

____21.How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?

a. / Theories are the same as hypotheses.
b. / Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses.
c. / Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events.
d. / Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

____22.A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is

a. / a hypothesis.
b. / an inference.
c. / a theory.
d. / a controlled experiment.

____23.Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science?

a. / What is beauty?
b. / Is it ethical to do experiments on animals?
c. / How does DNA influence a person’s health?
d. / Do people watch too much television?

____24.A personal preference or point of view is

a. / a bias.
b. / a theory.
c. / a hypothesis.
d. / an inference.

____25.How does society help science advance?

a. / Society’s biases steer scientists toward studying certain ideas.
b. / Society produces technology that can be used in science.
c. / Society’s morals help scientists make good decisions.
d. / Society raises questions that science can help answer.

____26.How does studying science help you be a better member of society?

a. / Learning the biases of science will help you know what is right or wrong.
b. / Understanding how science works will help you make better decisions.
c. / Memorizing science facts will help you become more intelligent.
d. / Knowing science will help you live without the aid of technology.

____27.Which of the following is NOT a way that science influences society?

a. / Science provides answers to some of society’s practical problems.
b. / Science gives society answers to difficult ethical issues.
c. / Science advances technology that is useful to society.
d. / Science increases society’s understanding of how people affect the environment.

____28.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

a. / growth and development
b. / ability to move
c. / response to the environment
d. / ability to reproduce

____29.Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for the winter?

a. / Living things respond to their environment.
b. / Living things maintain internal balance.
c. / Living things are made up of units called cells.
d. / Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

____30.Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to

a. / reproduce.
b. / perform different functions.
c. / respond to their environment.
d. / be less complex.

Figure 1–1

____31.Figure 1–1 illustrates which characteristic of living things?

a. / Living things grow and develop
b. / Living things are made up of cells.
c. / Living things need material and energy.
d. / Living things reproduce.

____32.The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called

a. / homeostasis.
b. / evolution.
c. / metabolism.
d. / photosynthesis.

Figure 1–2

____33.Figure 1–2 shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology?

a. / interdependence in nature
b. / growth, development, and reproduction
c. / homeostasis
d. / evolution

____34.A scientist working in which area of biology is MOST likely to study DNA?

a. / information and heredity
b. / cellular basis of life
c. / matter and energy
d. / interdependence in nature

____35.Would a scientist who studies evolution also have to learn about other branches of biology? Why or why not?

a. / Yes; the other branches of biology are more important.
b. / Yes; the different branches of biology are interrelated.
c. / No; the other branches of biology do not affect evolution.
d. / No; each branch of biology is separate from the others.

____36.Focusing on which two central themes in biology would help a student understand why animals come in different shapes and sizes?

a. / cellular basis for life; homeostasis
b. / structure and function; unity and diversity of life
c. / matter and energy; homeostasis
d. / science as a way of knowing; interdependence of nature

____37.What are the smallest objects that biologists study?

a. / cells
b. / body organs
c. / molecules
d. / organisms

____38.Biologists who work in the fields of genomics and molecular biology study

a. / the biosphere
b. / diseases
c. / DNA
d. / trees

____39.Which kind of biologist would most likely use satellite technology?

a. / global ecologist
b. / biotechnologist
c. / molecular biologist
d. / paleontologist

____40.A paleontologist would likely be most interested in finding

a. / weapons for an evolutionary arms race with disease-causing organisms.
b. / a universal Tree of Life.
c. / weather patterns that affect life on Earth.
d. / genetic codes to rewrite.

____41.The basic unit of length in the metric system is the

a. / gram.
b. / liter.
c. / yard.
d. / meter.

____42.How many meters are in 2.4 km?

a. / 240
b. / 2,400
c. / 24,000
d. / 240,000

____43.The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles, quarts, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, milliliters, and liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?

a. / Metric units are easier to measure than English units.
b. / The metric system is based on multiples of 10.
c. / The metric system is used by everyone in the world.
d. / Metric units are smaller than English units.

____44.Using a universal system of measurement is MOST important during which part of scientific methodology?

a. / asking questions
b. / forming a hypothesis
c. / collecting data
d. / drawing conclusions

____45.Scientists often try to repeat each other’s results. Which of the following should a scientist do to make it easier for others to replicate his or her experiment?

a. / Not use a control to save time.
b. / Collect only one set of data.
c. / Skip peer-review so the results are available sooner.
d. / Use the metric system when communicating procedures and results.

Completion

Complete each statement using the word bank below. If the answer is a letter combination, be sure to darken all of the letters that make up the combination on the Scantron answer sheet.

a. energyab. functionbd. limitations

b. peer reviewac. curiositybe. predictions

c. threead. biotechnologycd. metric

d. uncertaintyae. controlledce. open-minded

e. theorybc. observationsde. metabolism

46.Science is always changing and never completely proves anything because ______is part of the scientific process.

47.Scientists try to use explanations of the natural world to understand patterns and make ______about natural events.

48.An experiment in which only one variable is changed is a(an) ______experiment.

49.A biologist reads about a study in a peer-reviewed journal where the results do not agree with her research. This scientist must remain ______and think about how those results might affect her own work.

50.A person who asks a lot of questions about the natural world is showing the scientific attitude of ______.

51.An article that is undergoing ______is read carefully and checked by other scientists.

52.In science, a theory is a well-tested explanation that explains a lot of ______.

53.Charles Darwin’s ideas about change over time have been well tested by other scientists and is now considered to be a ______.

54.Science and society are interdependent. However, science cannot answer all of society’s questions because science has ______.

55.The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called ______.

56.Inside all living things, chemical reactions happen that allow the organisms to grow and develop. Organisms need to take in ______to fuel these reactions.

57.Every living thing is made up of a set of body parts. Each body part, or structure, has a certain job or ______.

58.The field of biology that works on rewriting and editing the genetic code is ______.

59.A revised version of the original ______system is called SI, or the International System of Units.

60.A mass of 3000 g is equal to ______kg.

Science Skills

A scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effect of environment on the fur color of a Himalayan rabbit. The Himalayan rabbit typically has a white coat except for its colder nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are black. The scientist shaved an area of hair on the back of each rabbit, then placed an ice pack over the shaved area on one rabbit (A).

Figure 1–3

61.Interpret Visuals In Figure 1–3, which rabbit is the control?

a. rabbit Ab. rabbit Bc. There is no control.

62.Interpret Visuals In Figure 1–3, what is the variable in this experiment?

a. size of the rabbitb. color of the spots

c. temperatured. type of food fed to the rabbits

63.Form a Hypothesis Before completing the experiment in Figure 1–3, the scientist made a hypothesis. What is the hypothesis she is testing?

a. The fur color of the Himalayan rabbit changes with the size of the rabbit.

b. The fur color of the Himalayan rabbit changes with the temperature.

c. The fur color of the Himalayan rabbit changes depending on the type of food the rabbit is fed..

64.Apply Concepts Why is Rabbit B essential to the experiment in Figure 1–3?

a. It is the largest in size.

b. It likes the type of food being used in the experiment.

c. It is female.

d. It is the control.

65.Draw Conclusions Based on your observations of Figure 1–3, conclude what effect temperature has on Himalayan rabbits.

a. When the body of a Himalayan rabbit is cool, the rabbit’s fur will grow in dark.

b. When the rabbit’s body is warm, the fur color is the normal white color.

c. both (a) and (b)

d. not enough information

BIOLOGY TAKE-HOME TEST: Chapter 1

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 5

OBJ:1.1.1 State the goals of science.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:knowledge

2.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 5

OBJ:1.1.1 State the goals of science.BLM:evaluation

3.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 5

OBJ:1.1.1 State the goals of science.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:evaluation

4.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 5

OBJ:1.1.1 State the goals of science.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:knowledge

5.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 6

OBJ:1.1.2 Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:knowledge

6.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 8

OBJ:1.1.2 Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.BLM:application

7.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 7

OBJ:1.1.2 Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:analysis

8.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 9

OBJ:1.1.2 Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:synthesis

9.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 7

OBJ:1.1.2 Describe the steps used in scientific methodology.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:comprehension

10.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 10

OBJ:1.2.1 Explain how scientific attitudes generate new ideas.

TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

11.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 10

OBJ:1.2.1 Explain how scientific attitudes generate new ideas.

BLM:application

12.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 10

OBJ:1.2.1 Explain how scientific attitudes generate new ideas.

TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:comprehension

13.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 10

OBJ:1.2.1 Explain how scientific attitudes generate new ideas.

TOP:Foundation EditionBLM:application

14.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 12

OBJ:1.2.2 Describe the importance of peer review.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:evaluation

15.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 12

OBJ:1.2.2 Describe the importance of peer review.BLM:knowledge

16.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 12

OBJ:1.2.2 Describe the importance of peer review.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:comprehension

17.ANS:APTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 12

OBJ:1.2.2 Describe the importance of peer review.BLM:application

18.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 12

OBJ:1.2.2 Describe the importance of peer review.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:knowledge

19.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 13

OBJ:1.2.3 Explain what a scientific theory is.BLM:synthesis

20.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 13

OBJ:1.2.3 Explain what a scientific theory is.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:comprehension

21.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:L2REF:p. 13

OBJ:1.2.3 Explain what a scientific theory is.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:analysis

22.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L1REF:p. 13

OBJ:1.2.3 Explain what a scientific theory is.TOP:Foundation Edition

BLM:knowledge

23.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:L3REF:p. 14