1

SENTENCE VERSUS PAGE

Supplementary Materials.

Immediate Comprehension Test

  1. What was the decoration on the birthday cake?
  2. The boy’s name, a spaceship and launching pad, stars, and a planet.*
  3. A spaceship and launching pad, stars, and a planet.
  4. The boy’s name, stars, and a planet.
  5. The boy’s name.
  6. What age will Scotty be on his birthday?
  7. 10
  8. 7
  9. 8*
  10. 13
  11. What did Ann share in common with the family she encountered?
  12. Hope
  13. Fear*
  14. Anger
  15. Trust
  16. Why did the new doctor want to take the boy downstairs?
  17. Blood tests
  18. Surgery
  19. Life support
  20. X-rays*
  21. Why did Dr. Francis say he was convinced that Scotty was out of danger?
  22. All of Scotty’s vital signs were fine.*
  23. He wanted to reassure Ann and Howard, even though he knew the boy was in danger.
  24. He didn’t think the hidden occlusion was a problem.
  25. He hadn’t examined the boy yet.
  26. Ann Weiss mentally wished that the girl wouldn’t have children because:
  27. She thought the girl was too young to start having children.
  28. The girl was a smoker and that could cause health complications for the baby.
  29. She didn’t want the girl (or anyone) to experience the emotions that she herself was going through at that moment.*
  30. Children add too much stress to their parents’ lives and she didn’t wish them on anybody.
  31. Why did the baker keep phoning the Weiss residence?
  32. He was tired of people ordering cakes and people not picking them up/paying for them.*
  33. He wanted to scare the Weiss’.
  34. He didn’t have anything better to do while waiting for his baking.
  35. He was just psychotic.
  36. Why did Howard ask Ann to come back to the hospital before eight o’clock?
  37. The nurse had recommended that she not spend too much time away from Scotty.
  38. Howard wanted her to take over his watch on Scotty’s status so he could go home and get some rest.
  39. Dr. Francis would be coming in at eight o’clock to give them a more definite assessment of Scotty’s condition.*
  40. He knew they were both hungry, and thought they should have breakfast together to relieve some stress.
  41. How did the doctors assess Scotty’s sudden waking up?
  42. They would have to run some more tests on him to determine what the cause was.
  43. It was a rare occurrence in comatose patients called a hidden occlusion that they had detected earlier.
  44. It was a random occurrence in comatose patients called a hidden occlusion that had no significance to Scotty’s condition.
  45. It was a rare occurrence in comatose patients called a hidden occlusion that, had it been detected earlier, might have given them the opportunity to save his life.*
  46. What made Ann realize who the caller was?
  47. She heard the radio playing in the background when she answered the phone.
  48. Sherecognized his voice to be the same as the baker’s voice.
  49. Howard told her he had heard a radio playing in the background when he answered the phone.*
  50. The caller confessed over the phone that he was the baker when he heard how angry she was upon answering his call.

Supplementary Materials.

Delayed Comprehension Test

  1. Why did Ann think that she should be able to get along with the baker?
  2. He seemed like a jolly fellow.
  3. She believed that bakers are generally nice.
  4. She thought that a man his age must have children, and thus understand the importance of birthdays.*
  5. She knew he was just starting his day and shouldn’t be in a bad mood already.
  6. What is Scotty’s favorite cake flavor?
  7. Vanilla
  8. Chocolate*
  9. Strawberry
  10. Caramel
  11. When was the cake going to be ready?
  12. Monday afternoon
  13. Saturday morning
  14. Sunday afternoon
  15. Monday morning*
  16. Ann Weiss was interested in Franklin and his family because:
  17. She was curious about their lifestyle.
  18. She related to them because they were going through a similar experience.*
  19. She felt comfortable with them since she had told them about Scotty.
  20. She’s a nosy person.
  21. Ann Weiss didn’t want to leave the hospital even for a short break because:
  22. She had lost her appetite and didn’t need to eat.
  23. She was sure someone else could feed the dog.
  24. She wanted to spend some time talking with people in the waiting room.
  25. She didn’t want to risk missing any change in Scotty’s condition.*
  26. What were Ann’s sentiments when she returned to the hospital and remembered the teenage girl from the Negro family who she’d met the other day?
  27. “That poor girl, I wonder what happened to her brother?”
  28. “Don’t have children. For God’s sake, don’t.”*
  29. “She must have been just as afraid for her brother as I was for Scotty, even though she didn’t show it.”
  30. She did not remember the teenage girl.
  31. Why were the Weiss’ having such difficulty figuring out who was phoning them?
  32. They were using their imagination, thinking of all the possibilities of who it might be.
  33. They thought it was a sick joke somebody was playing on them.
  34. The baker disguised his voice with the sound of machinery.
  35. They were too distracted and upset about Scotty to concentrate on the clues in the phone calls.*
  36. When did Scotty die?
  37. After the doctors had finishing running tests on him.
  38. After the operation.
  39. During the operation.
  40. After he had woken up.*
  41. Ann arrived back at the hospital:
  42. Just before Dr. Francis and a neurologist came by.
  43. Just after Dr. Francis and a neurologist came by.*
  44. To find Howard mad that she had been gone so long.
  45. In the same clothes she was wearing before.
  46. Who did Ann call after her son died?
  47. Her parents
  48. The baker
  49. Her sister*
  50. Her brother

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SENTENCE VERSUS PAGE

Supplementary Materials.

Moderation Analyses for Component Processes (Memory and Inference) and Print-Exposure.

CPT
(Memory) / CPT
(Inference) / ART
(Non-Fiction – Foils) / ART
(Fiction – Foils)
Immediate Recall
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -41.48 [-108.66, 25.70] / -10.66 [-81.85, 60.53] / -1.21 [-3.51, 1.09] / -.57 [-1.95, .80]
Text Presentation / -28.61 [-57.86, .64] / -13.35 [-40.91, 14.21] / -10.72* [-20.15, -1.28] / -9.89* [-19.64, -.15]
Moderator x Text Presentation / 33.07 [-8.24, 74.37] / 12.29 [-30.57, 55.14] / 1.21 [-.23, 2.85] / .55 [-.38, 1.47]
R2 / .066 / .042 / .064 / .054
R2change due to interaction / .026 / .0035 / .022 / .015
Immediate Comprehension
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / 2.06 [-2.73, 6.86] / 3.10 [-1.75, 7.94] / -.043 [-.21, .12] / -.055 [.15, .044]
Text Presentation / -.23 [-2.32, 1.86] / -.20 [-2.07, 1.68] / -.65 [-1.34, .033] / -.79* [-1.49, -.090]
Moderator x Text Presentation / -.36 [-3.31, 2.58] / -.45 [-3.37, 2.46] / .048 [-.071, .17] / .043 [-.023, .11]
R2 / .082 / .14* / .052 / .058
R2change due to interaction / .0006 / .0009 / .0067 / .018
Transportation Time 1
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -1.81 [-5.38, 1.77] / 2.06 [-1.68, 5.81] / .13* [.015, .25] / .038 [-.035, .11]
Text Presentation / -1.08 [-2.63, .48] / .48 [-.97, 1.93] / .16 [-.33, .65] / -.072 [-.59, .44]
Moderator x Text Presentation / 1.25 [-.94, 3.45] / -1.11 [-3.36, 1.14] / -.09* [-.17, -.0013] / -.017 [-.065, .032]
R2 / .030 / .029 / .068 / .036
R2change due to interaction / .014 / .010 / .042 / .0050
Delayed Recall
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -53.60 [-112.94, 5.74] / -16.33 [-79.39, 46.73] / -.72 [-2.72, 1.29] / -.56 [-1.76, .63]
Text Presentation / -23.76 [-49.59, 2.07] / -11.28 [-35.69, 13.14] / -8.16 [-16.39, .072] / -8.82* [-17.29, -.36]
Moderator x Text Presentation / 29.16 [-7.32, 65.64] / 11.91 [-26.06, 49.87] / 1.02 [-.41, 2.44] / .64 [-.17, 1.44]
R2 / .054 / .024 / .076 / .072
R2change due to interaction / .027 / .0042 / .021 / .025
Delayed Comprehension
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -2.72 [-9.12, 3.68] / -1.67 [-8.34, 5.00] / -.068 [-.28, .14] / .057 [-.071, .18]
Text Presentation / -1.32 [-4.11, 1.47] / -1.45 [-4.04, 1.13] / -.89* [-1.76, -.023] / -.32 [-1.23, .58]
Moderator x Text Presentation / 1.35 [-2.59, 5.28] / 1.66 [-2.36, 5.67] / .11 [-.037, .26] / -.010 [-.096, .076]
R2 / .028 / .036 / .094* / .061
R2change due to interaction / .0050 / .0072 / .022 / .0006
Transportation Time 2
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -.67 [-4.55, 3.21] / 2.91 [-1.10, 6.92] / .10 [-.029, .23] / .014 [-.064, .093]
Text Presentation / -.32 [-2.01, 1.37] / 1.01 [-.55, 2.56] / .11 [-.43, .64] / -.11 [-.67, .44]
Moderator x Text Presentation / .30 [-2.09, 2.68] / -1.81 [-4.22, .61] / -.054 [-.15, .038] / -.0010 [-.054, .052]
R2 / .0070 / .029 / .039 / .016
R2change due to interaction / .0007 / .024 / .015 / .0000

Note. CPT = Component Processes Task; ART = Author Recognition Test; *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Supplementary Materials.

Moderation Analyses for the Five Factor Personality Traits.

Openness / Conscientiousness / Agreeableness / Extraversion / Emotional Stability
Immediate Recall
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / 1.64 [-17.18, 20.46] / 14.71 [-2.74, 32.15] / 24.48* [4.91, 44.05] / 3.14 [-10.74, 17.01] / -1.63 [-18.22, 14.96]
Text Presentation / .32 [-41.70, 42.33] / 15.08 [-23.81, 53.97] / 49.26* [4.42, 94.09] / -8.89 [-38.72, 20.93] / -7.48 [-40.37, 25.41]
Moderator x Text Presentation / -1.61 [-13.40, 10.18] / -5.95 [-17.07, 5.16] / -14.42* [-26.11, -2.72] / 1.02 [-7.64, 9.69] / .67 [-10.13, 11.48]
R2 / .033 / .087* / .094* / .079 / .032
R2 change due to interaction / .0008 / .012 / .060* / .0006 / .0002
Immediate Comprehension
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / .72 [-.62, 2.06] / -.20 [-1.49, 1.08] / -.077 [-1.52, 1.37] / .030 [-.99, 1.05] / -.32 [-1.51, .86]
Text Presentation / 1.28 [-1.71, 4.27] / -.56 [-3.42, 2.31] / -.25 [-3.56, 3.06] / -.22 [-2.41, 1.97] / -1.05 [-3.41, 1.30]
Moderator x Text Presentation / -.49 [-1.33, .35] / .031 [-.79, .85] / -.054 [-.92, .81] / -.068 [-.70, .57] / .20 [-.57, .98]
R2 / .053 / .045 / .045 / .042 / .042
R2 change due to interaction / .014 / .0001 / .0002 / .0005 / .0029
Transportation Time 1
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / .15 [-.82, 1.12] / -.46 [-1.40, .48] / -.10 [-1.17, .96] / -.17 [-.92, .57] / .26 [-.62, 1.13]
Text Presentation / -.64 [-2.80, 1.53] / -1.25 [-3.34, .85] / -.66 [-3.10, 1.77] / -.38 [-1.99, 1.22] / .29 [-1.44, 2.01]
Moderator x Text Presentation / .10 [-.51, .71] / .30 [-.30, .90] / .12 [-.51, .76] / .052 [-.41, .52] / -.17 [-.73, .40]
R2 / .057 / .027 / .021 / .024 / .020
R2 change due to interaction / .0012 / .011 / .0016 / .0005 / .0037
Delayed Recall
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / 12.83 [-3.59, 29.24] / 11.41 [-4.18, 26.99] / 27.81*** [10.99, 44.63] / 9.82 [-2.29, 21.93] / 5.36 [-9.25, 19.97]
Text Presentation / 22.41 [-14.23, 59.06] / 13.96 [-20.78, 48.70] / 61.51*** [22.97, 100.05] / 7.54 [-18.49, 33.56] / 5.60 [-23.37, 34.57]
Moderator x Text Presentation / -7.54 [-17.83, 2.74] / -5.13 [-15.06, 4.79] / -17.20*** [-27.26, -7.15] / -3.34 [-10.91, 4.22] / -3.18 [-12.70, 6.34]
R2 / .045 / .054 / .13** / .089* / .025
R2 change due to interaction / .023 / .011 / .11*** / .0078 / .0048
Delayed Comprehension
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / 1.92* [.20, 3.63] / -.80 [-2.47, .86] / .058 [-1.84, 1.96] / .82 [-.50, 2.15] / .86 [-.68, 2.41]
Text Presentation / 4.22* [.39, 8.04] / -1.44 [-5.16, 2.28] / -.28 [-4.63, 4.08] / 1.18 [-1.67, 4.03] / .97 [-2.10, 4.03]
Moderator x Text Presentation / -1.31* [-2.38, -.24] / .30 [-.76, 1.36] / -.034 [-1.17, 1.10] / -.47 [-1.30, .36] / -.47 [-1.47, .54]
R2 / .080 / .041 / .019 / .035 / .034
R2 change due to interaction / .060* / .0033 / .0000 / .014 / .0091
Transportation Time 2
Coefficients [95% CI]
Moderator / -.0022 [-1.04, 1.04] / -.31 [-1.31, .70] / .085 [-1.06, 1.23] / .065 [-.74, .87] / .49 [-.45, 1.42]
Text Presentation / -1.01 [-3.33, 1.32] / -1.26 [-3.51, .98] / -.13 [-2.76, 2.49] / .031 [-1.70, 1.77] / .85 [-1.00, 2.70]
Moderator x Text Presentation / .23 [-.42, .88] / .33 [-.31, .97] / .0031 [-.68, .69] / -.046 [-.55, .46] / -.33 [-.94, .28]
R2 / .056 / .030 / .0081 / .0053 / .017
R2 change due to interaction / .0051 / .011 / .0000 / .0004 / .012

Note. CI = Confidence Intervals; M = Moderator; *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001