Supplementary Table1 . Study Characteristics of Published 16Prospective Studies on Poultry

Supplementary table1 . Study characteristics of published 16prospective studies on poultry intakeand incidence of colorectal cancer.

Study / Country / Years of follow-up
(years) / Participants / Cases / Comparison / RR (95%CI) / Exposure
assessment / Variables controlled for
Willett, 1990 / USA / 6 / 88751 women aged 34-59 years / 155 CC / ≥2 times/week (Q4)
vs.＜1(Q1) times/month / 0.47 (0.27-0.82) / 61-item FFQ (updated) / Age.
Giovannucci, 1994 / USA / 6 / 47949 men aged 40-75 years / 205CC / 63.1 (Q5) vs. 8.8 (Q1)
g/day / 0.82 (0.54-1.24) / 131-item FFQ (updated) / Age, total energy intake.
Bostick, 1994 / USA / 5 / 35215 women aged 55-69 years / 212 CC / ＞1 (Q4) vs.0 (Q1) servings/week. / Poultry with skin:
1.52 (0.98-2.36)
Poultry without skin:
1.15 (0.80-1.67) / 127-item FFQ / Age, total energy intake, height, parity, total vitamin E intake, a total vitamin E by age interaction term, and vitamin A supplement intake.
Kato, 1997 / USA / 7.1 / 14727 women aged 34-65 years / 100 CRC / ＞1.5 (Q4) vs.0 (Q1)
servings/week a / 0.79 (0.46-1.34) / 70-item FFQ / Age, total energy intake, place at enrollment and education.
Pietinen, 1999 / Finland / 8 / 27111 men aged 50-69 years / 185 CRC / 27 (Q4) vs. 0 (Q1) g/day / 1.2 (0.8-1.8) / 276-item FFQ / Age, smoking, alcohol, BMI, education, physical activity at work, calcium intake, and supplement group.
Ma, 2001 (nested case-control study) / USA / 13 / 511 men aged 40-84 years / 193 CRC / 0.43 (T3) vs. 0.07 (T1)
servings/day / 0.93 (0.52-1.68) / 19-item FFQ / Age, smoking, BMI, alcohol intake, multivitamin use, aspirin use, exercise, and molar ratio of IGF-I to IGFBP-3.
Tiemersma, 2002
(nested case-control study) / Netherlands / 8.5 / 639 men and women aged 20-59 years / 102 CRC / ＞4 (T3) vs. 0-1 (T1)
times/month / Men and women:
0.7 (0.4-1.3);
Men:1.1 (0.5-2.4);
Women:0.5 (0.2-1.1) / FFQ / Age, sex, center, total energy intake, alcohol intake and height.
English, 2004 / Australia / 9 / 73112 men and women aged 27-75 years / 452 CRC
283 CC
169 RC / ≥3.5 (Q4) vs.＜1.5 (Q1) times/week / CRC:0.7 (0.6-1.0);
CC:0.7 (0.5-1.1);
RC:0.7 (0.5-1.2) / 121-item FFQ / Age, sex, country of birth, and intake of energy, fat, and cereal products.
Larsson, 2005 / Sweden / 13.9 / 61433 women aged 40-75 years / 733CRC
234PCC
155DCC
230RC / 1.0 (T3) vs. 0 (T1)
servings/week / CRC:0.75 (0.55-1.02);
PCC:0.77 (0.44-1.36);
DCC:0.86 (0.46-1.62);
RC:0.62 (0.34-1.13) / 67-item FFQ / Age, BMI, educational, and intakes of total energy, alcohol, saturated fat, calcium, folate, fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods.
Lüchtenborg, 2005
(case-cohort study) / Netherlands / 4.8 / 2948 men and women aged 55-69 years / 434CC
154 RC / 22.8 (Q4) vs. 0(Q1)
g/day / CC:0.87 (0.66-1.15);
RC:1.12 (0.70-1.79) / 150-item FFQ / Age, sex, family history of CRC, smoking, BMI, and energy intake.
Norat, 2005 / 10 European countries / 4.8 / 478040 men and women aged 35-70 years / 1329 CRC
855CC
474 RC / ≥40 (Q5) vs.＜5(Q1)
g/day / CRC:0.92 (0.76-1.12);
CC:0.89 (0.70-1.13);
RC:0.99 (0.71-1.37) / 88-266-item FFQ, or interview or food record / Age, sex, energy from non-fat sources , energy from fat sources, height, weight, occupational physical activity, smoking, dietary fiber, alcohol intake, and center.
Sato, 2006 / Japan / 11 / 47605 men and women aged 40-64 years / 474 CRC
238CC
157 RC / 32.7(Q4) vs. 0 (Q1)
g/day / CRC:1.32 (0.83-2.06);
CC:1.58 (0.84-2.95)
RC:0.97 (0.51-1.87) / 40-item FFQ / Age, sex, smoking, BMI, education, family history of cancer, time spent walking,and intakes of fat, alcohol, calcium, and dietary fiber.
Spencer, 2010
(nested case-control study) / UK / 5.9 / 2575 men and women / 579 CRC
380CC
199RC / 44.7 (Q4) vs. 0 (Q1)
g/day / CRC:0.80 (0.62-1.04);
CC:0.87 (0.63-1.19);
RC:0.69 (0.44-1.09) / Food diaries / Age, sex, recruitment date, height, weight, smoking, and intakes of energy, alcohol and dietary fiber.
Daniel, 2011 / USA / 9.1 / 492186 men and women aged 50-71 years / 5095 CC
1884 RC / 51.2 (Q5) vs. 5.3(Q1)
g/1000kcal. / CC: 0.97 (0.89-1.07)
RC: 0.84 (0.72-0.98) / 124-item FFQ / Age, sex, education, marital status, family history of cancer, race, BMI, smoking, physical activity, MHT in women, and intakes of alcohol, fruit, vegetables, red meat and total energy and fish.
Parr, 2013 / Norway / 11.1 / 84538 women aged 41-70 years / 674CRC
459CC
215RC / ≥28 (Q5) vs. 0(Q1)
g/day / CRC:0.91 (0.69-1.20);
CC:0.90 (0.65-1.25);
RC: 0.94 (0.56-1.56) / 66-78-item, 99-item FFQ / BMI, intake of energy, alcohol, fiber, smoking status, and physical activity.
Egeberg,, 2013 / Denmark / 13.4 / 53988 men and women aged 50-64 years / 644 CC
345 RC / ＞29(Q4) vs. 0-10 (Q1)
g/day / CC:1.11 (0.87-1.42)
RC:0.94 (0.69-1.29) / 192-item FFQ / WC, schooling, smoking, hormone replacement therapy status, sports activities, alcohol abstainer, NSAID use, and intakes of red and processed meat , alcohol, dietary fiber, and total energy.

BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; IGFBP-3; insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3; CRC, colorectal cancer; CC, colon cancer; RC, rectal cancer; Q, quintile or quartile; T, tertile; NSAID, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy

aThis study of American womendid not report the levels of poultry intake for the first to fourth quartiles,we estimated the levels as the means of the each categories of twoother studies of American women (Willett et al. and Bostick et al.).