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Pre-AP World History
Review Packet
1. What is the Fertile Crescent?
The "fertile crescent" refers to an ancient area of fertile soil and important rivers stretching in an arc from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates. It covers Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. The Mediterranean lies on the outside edge of the arc. To the south of the arc is the Arabian Desert. On the east, the fertile crescent extends to the Persian Gulf. Geologically, this corresponds with where Iranian, African, and Arabian tectonic plates meet.
2. Explain Hammurabi’s Code.
Code of harsh laws; punishment matches crime
3. What is the holy book for Jews (Hebrews)?
Torrah
4. Define Legalism.
Strict code of rules; ancient China, harsh punishment
5. Define reincarnation.
Rebirth
6. Identify three things that Hindus and Buddhists have in common.
1. Both religions believe in the concept of karma, transmigration of souls and the cycle of births and deaths for each soul.
2. Both emphasize compassion and non violence towards all living beings.
3. Both believe in the existence of several hells and heavens or higher and lower worlds.
4. Both believe in the existence of gods or deities on different planes.
7. Which religion is associated with the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and nirvana?
Buddhism
8. According to Buddhists, you reach nirvana by following the The Eightfold Path and Four Noble Truths.
9. Why are Phoenicians called the “carriers of civilization”?
They spread middle eastern culture throughout the Mediterranean
10. Identify three Confucian beliefs.
Respect for elders, harmony and peace, Jen is the golden rule; Chun-tzu the gentleman; Cheng-ming is the roleplayer; Te is virtuous power; Li is the standard of conduct; and Wen encompasses the arts of peace.
11. Define filial piety.
Respect for elders… Confucian belief
12. Which Chinese philosophy is associated with filial piety?
Confucian
13. Identify the two Indian Empires we studied.
Indus River Valley and Gupta
14. How do archaeologists find out about early peoples?
Studying fossils; Carbon dating
15. Which two rivers influenced ancient India?
Indus and Ganges
16. How do we know that ancient India (Indus Valley) had a well-organized government?
Caste systems; social order
17. Explain the mandate of heaven.
God chose the ruler
18. Explain the dynastic cycle.
Families are in power through the Mandate of heaven, once the mandate is over, a new family takes power based on the new mandate
19. Which civilization was the first to master the making of silk?
Ancient China- Huang He
20. Describe a typical hunter-gatherer society.
Men went out to follow animals (all people were nomadic); women were gatherers of berries, etc.
21. Define nomad.
Not permanent settlement; group of people following food; temporary settlements
22. List and describe the five features of a civilization.
Pneumonic Device:
• All
– Advanced Cities
• Children
– Complex Institutions (government, religion)
• Talk
– Technology
• Some
– Specialized workers
• Rap
– Record Keeping
23. Which continent did early man most likely appear on first?
Africa
24. What was the Neolithic Revolution?
Movement from nomadic (hunter/gatherer) to agriculture and permanent settlements
25. Near what geographic feature were the first agricultural settlements located?
Rivers
26. Explain cultural diffusion.
The ideas and things in one culture "borrowed" by another culture; integrating many cultures
27. What did Phoenician traders develop to help them do business?
System of writing
28. How did the Hebrews differ from other ancient civilizations?
Belief in one god- monotheistic
29. Why did the Egyptians build pyramids?
Build as tombs, burial sites
30. How did the Persian emperor Darius improve trade under his rule?
He used riches gained in trade to buy areas and obtain more land
31. How did ancient Egyptians view their pharaohs?
As leaders and Gods
32. What was Stonehenge?
Archeological site in England; many uses
33. Explain the caste system.
Social system set up in India
34. The caste system is based on wealth and birth/family.
35. What is the name of the trade route that linked China and the Mediterranean Sea?
Silk Road
36. Identify three Gupta contributions to the field of mathematics.
Value of Pi, Concept of ‘zero’, and infinity
37. What did Buddha reject about Hinduism?
Caste System
38. Why was the Great Wall of China built?
Protect from northern invaders
39. Why did Shi Huangdi order the burning of books?
The books contained ideas he didn’t believe in and he thought it would affect his civilization negatively
40. What evidence suggests that early people believed in life after death?
Cave paintings had angels in them
41. Sumer was made up of independent city-states.
42. How did Sumerians differ from Egyptians in the way they viewed their rulers?
Sumerians didn’t view them as Gods, like the Egyptians did
43. In addition to gaining oneness with the universe, what else do you achieve by reaching nirvana?
Release from the cycle of re-birth
44. Which three gods are part of Brahman?
Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
45. Himalayan Mountains were the invasion route into the Indus Valley.
46. Which Indian emperor paved the way for the spread of Buddhism in Asia?
Asoka
47. How were Egypt and Sumer similar and different?
See your essay you wrote: answers may vary
48. How were Huang He and Sumer similar and different?
See your notes: answer may vary
49. Compare and contrast the Neolithic Age with the Paleolithic Age.
Neolithic: Agriculture, permanent settlements, advanced tools and weapons
Paleolithic: hunter/gatherer, nomadic, simple tools
50. Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.
See notes!
51. What was Hammurabi’s Code?
Harsh set of laws
52. What is Zoroastrianism?
Religion of the Ancient Persians