Supplementary material for: Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing. European Journal of Wildlife Research. Mathisen K. M, Pedersen, S., Nilsen, E. B and Skarpe C. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Hedmark University College, Norway.

ESM 1 Moose dung and browsing (mean % browsed shoots/available shoots ± SE) around bird-boxes at feeding stations for moose (FS), intermediate distance (INT: 50-499 m from feeding stations) and FAR distance (> 500 m from feeding stations). The effect of distance to feeding station, year (factor) and the interaction between them on moose browsing of the 3 dominating tree species was analyzed using a GLMM with binomial errors and Box ID nested within area as random effects. Moose pellet groups was analyzed using a GLMM with a quasipoisson error correction and the same random structure.

Mean values and SE / Analysis
Year / FS / INT / FAR / x-Variable / Test statistics
Pellet groups per m2
2004 / 0.357 ± 0.0854 / 0.0145 ± 0.00330 / 0.00800 ± 0.00240 / FS/Int/Far / χ2 2 = 129.95, p <.001
2006 / 0.728 ± 0.0941 / 0.0539 ± 0.0127 / 0.0210 ± 0.00446 / Year / χ 2 2=1589, p <.001
2007 / 0.321 ± 0.0486 / 0.0229 ± 0.00320 / 0.0107 ± 0.00156 / FSIntFar*year / χ 2 4 =7.53, p = 0.110
Birch browsing (%)
2004 / 78.2 ± 2.16 / 37.8 ± 5.58 / 13.3 ± 4.84 / FS/Int/Far / χ 2 2 = 62.08, p <.001
2006 / 80.7 ± 3.89 / 61.3 ± 4.76 / 47.5 ± 8.79 / Year / χ 2 2 = 2725, p <.001
2007 / 97.0 ± 0.92 / 81.0 ± 3.64 / 77.1 ± 3.41 / FSIntFar*year / χ 2 4 = 125.7, p <.001
Pine browsing (%)
2004 / 83.3 ± 0.00 / 58.7 ± 7.53 / 61.1 ± 13.6 / FS/Int/Far / χ 2 2 = 4.78, p = 0.092
2006 / 69.2 ± 3.91 / 59.8 ± 4.58 / 42.8 ± 17.6 / Year / χ 2 2 =1570, p <.001
2007 / 96.1 ± 2.02 / 91.3 ± 2.55 / 90.3 ± 2.81 / FSIntFar*year / χ 2 4 = 71.20, p <.001
Spruce browsing (%)
2004 / 23.1 ± 7.62 / 1.92 ± 1.29 / 0.00 ± 0.00 / FS/Int/Far / χ 2 2 = 5487, p <.001
2006 / 53.4 ± 4.81 / 17.4 ± 3.32 / 4.50 ± 2.06 / Year / χ 2 2 =1483, p <.001
2007 / 68.0 ± 5.40 / 29.1 ± 4.92 / 8.10 ± 1.53 / FSIntFar*year / χ 2 4 = 46.85, p <.001

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